Humans vs. Animals on Life and Death

The Death of the Moth by Virginia Woolf described how a life of a moth could be so fragile that like humans and other animals do, the moth also struggled to fight death. She compared how the moth lived its life compared to humans and other animals as well. That even if the moth seems nothing and worthless, its resistance to death is evident. In other words, the significance of death is not only limited to human beings. Animals may not think like humans do, but they are also living and gives effort to live life to the fullest. Animals may not live life like us human beings, but like us, they also have a purpose in living.I believe that all human beings are artists because their lives are creative productions. The basic materials of each person’s artistry are many and varied, for they depend on each person’s uniqueness. One’s basic materials, however, not only include the elements of life, nit also those of death with all its various ramifications, as books, articl es, symposia and discussions open people’s context of death awareness, the question must be asked how much an awareness can help human beings create beautiful lives. This brings us to this question, is the moth aware of its upcoming death. Life and death to all living things is apparent.How long would it take is unknown. When the body dies, there is nothing that remains that can survive. This is a belief that prevents any solution to existential vicissitudes being projected to another life. It asks of each human being the courage to face life’s problems in the here and now, the courage to supply necessary answers and remedies. Happiness is one’s own making not in any heaven â€Å"above the bright blue sky† (to use the words of an old hymn for children). Only God knows the answer to the problems of innocent suffering and that rewards are in heaven for those who tow the party line are seen as an evasion of facing life itself.We must then, I should say, enjo y and value our lives the happiest as we can make it. As Woolf’s story went on, when she sees the moth is turned on its back, she reaches out a pencil to turn it over again, but then she lays the pencil down. This is the realization that even if we try helping other people to fight for life, they already made their own battle against it so we just have to leave it as it is. Woolf obviously tackled the resemblance between the moth’s struggles and the human condition in facing life. We may see it different at large, but with the little and worthless moth’s death, it was very perceptible.

A history of violence

â€Å"A history of violence† is a film which presents a world of â€Å"monsters† that has a presence which is not felt until the â€Å"monsters† emerge into action. The film focuses on the necessity of violence and the manner in which it destroys and in the same time saves humanity. The whole film concentrates on the double identity of the world. It is the classic theme: a fight between good and evil.The question which Cronenberg’s film raised is whether or not â€Å"the violent instinct is necessarily an evil† (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_History_of_Violence_(film)). The main character from â€Å"A history of violence†, Tom Stall (actor Viggo Mortensen), is a tender family man, very in love with his wife. He is attacked in his dinner by two perpetrators which he eventually kills.He becomes a hero but in the same time his hidden past is starting to reveal. It is revealed that Tom ran away from the instinct of violence but this instinct fro m which he ran, in the end saved his life. He knew how to respond to violence with violence. This is a message to a world in witch violence seems most present and emphasizes that in this kind of world nobody can survive without the instinct of violence. Thus the human nature becomes dual; it is divided between love and hate.It is a history of violence because the movie presents: the past of Tom Stall who used to work for the mob, his name was Joey Cusack, but gave up because he didn’t want to be on that side of the society, then the present witch presents Tom as a peaceful, family guy who now fights to solve his past issues in order to protect his dear family, and the future which is predicted by Tom’s teenage sun Jack who is aggressed by bullies at school and he always avoided fighting them., this meaning that violence will never cease to be a real mean of surviving.Tom is a character who didn’t enjoy killing, in spite of this he is forced to kill. Violence is needed in order to keep on living. He hides his past from his family. He struggles to hide his violent side. Significant are the words uttered by a stranger regarding Tom: â€Å"you are trying so hard to be this other guy, it’s painful to watch†.No matter how much Tom tries to hide the inhuman side it arises when it is needed. His power to fight with the perpetrators emerges from somewhere deep and apparently can not be controlled. It is a question whether or not human monsters are born or trained to be violent.It is clear that humans are built from two parts: the violent one and peaceful one. History demonstrated that the violent part was not at all absent. It is a constant interior struggle to balance violence and peace. It can never be one without the other. Peace was always obtained with the help of violence, and tranquility was broken by violence.Tom is a character who hides his past. He became a family man after he escaped from the mob. These facts made him in th e eyes of his community a man with double identity.The community came to know a side of Toms’ that they were never aware of. During the plot Tom mutates, he turns from good to bad and vice versa. People are able to change, a different character is born, and new personality traits are formed as people grow up. A person identity is important because it places a person into society. Tom is Joey, Joey is Tom, they are one and the same person, one is from the past and one is the present, those two persons have to coexist in the end, it can not be one without the other because both are part of the same person.There is something dark and mysterious in every one of us. There are hidden parts of the human personality that can get revealed and shock everybody.There are various interpretations of David Cronenberg’s movie. It is a depiction of the long history of violence and its inheritance from generation to generation. Violence was and is used as a tool for settling disputes, i t’s a â€Å"Darwinian evolution† in which stronger organism replace the weaker once. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_History_of_Violence_ (film)).BIBLIOGRAPHY:International Movie Database http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0399146/usercommentsWikipedia  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Climate control system project Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Climate control system project - Term Paper Example This climate is therefore regulated by the environment switch systems, which manages how best to keep the existing environment favorable. Climate control systems are not restricted to houses; they can as well be installed in automobiles. Even if the execution is exclusive for each type, the global concept is essentially the same. Rheostat of air-conditioning is of utmost importance. You can now control and modify the air-conditioning when you leave your place of work to find a comfy climate when you return home. The incorporation of air-conditioning and heating control with the home-based automation and safety system will assist you to save energy by switching off or on automatically the air conditioning system and heating system in housings without use or when you leave your home. You will as well be able to regulate your air heating and conditioning, from wherever using your advantageous tablet or smartphone and catch a comfortable climate back at home. Platforms that deliver usage response and neighbor contrasts and that use investigational design to determine effects have been effective through numerous impact assessments and educational studies. The construction of a climate control system is majorly for easier remote controlled energy saving solutions for householders. An individual or a user of this program is capable to monitor and control the house temperature remotely using a mobile application. This project is also essential in monitoring peoples’ movements in a room. While one is away from home he or she can not only express what the temperature at home is, but also the number of persons in each given room. Built on the gathered information a person can modify the temperature and regulate accordingly. Also, the house owner could set the A.C to adjust hourly and monitor the number of occupiers of the house. It can as well be utilized to keep a vigilant eye on

Assignment 1 (Mineral Resource Rent Tax (MRRT) Case Study

Assignment 1 (Mineral Resource Rent Tax (MRRT) - Case Study Example Introduction of RSPT would lead to reduction in the income tax but it was expected that such would not lead to the reduction in revenue, since the decrease in tax would encourage companies to undertake more projects which would lead to rise in the revenue. This increase in revenue would be utilized by the government of Australia for bringing about infrastructure development in the country. The Australian Government decided to provide the resource entities with a refundable credit for the royalties paid by them in the previous years, so that the mining companies receive an extra relaxation on their taxation policies and they are encouraged towards revenue generation. Introduction The Australian Government accepted the proposal of the Australia’s Future Tax System Review to introduce a tax charge on the resource rents and the super profits earned by the mining companies from the exploitation of the non-renewable resources of Australia. This new tax policy will be known as Resour ce Super Profits Tax (RSPT). The RSPT would provide the community of Australia with a share of income that will be derived from the extraction and sale of non-renewable resources of Australia in countries all over the world. ... The RSPT was replaced by the Minerals Resource Rent Tax (MRRT) in late June 2010 because of a resulting controversy in terms of RSPT. The objective of the government in the implementation of the MRRT policy was same as that of the RSPT, along with an additional objective to overcome the controversies and adverse affect faced on the implementation of the RSPT. The area of consideration of the MRRT was limited than the RSPT, which increased its relevance and brought efficiency. The MRRT policies received support from mining unions such as Forestry, Energy Union, Construction and Mining, Australian Greens, and from the Australian Council of trade Unions. The new policy led to the reduction in tax for the mining companies, thus fulfilling one of the objectives with which the policy was introduced. Answer 1. The main features of Resources Super Profit Tax are- The nominal tax rate of 40% on assessable resource profits is applicable. The tax is to be imposed on revenue earned after deducti ng the allowance for capital expenditure. The tax is to be imposed on profits above the normal rate of return, which is determined to be 6%, being the risk-free long term bond rate. To compensate for the higher risk that is involved in the mining ventures, losses on abandoned projects were to be refunded at the mirror rate of 40% of the loss suffered (Kreiser, et al., p.227). Features of Minerals resource rent tax (MRRT) are- The proposed MRRT will apply to the coal and iron ore projects in Australia from 1st July, 2012 at 30% rate. The projects will be entitled to an extraction allowance of 25% which shall reduce the taxable profits subject to the MRRT. MRRT liability will not apply to

Developing an argument (gobal warming) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Developing an argument (gobal warming) - Essay Example The argument I am going to build in this essay is that the global warming will not be a continuous phenomenon and that the mankind will handle this issue in order to secure the long term survival of our future generations to come and since global warming is a natural phenomenon therefore it will stop the same way it was started by the nature. Over the history of mankind, we have successfully battled the gore threats from nature which were threatening to our survival on the earth. These threats included floods, earth quacks, tsunamis, viruses etc and through all these, we, as mankind has successfully emerged as winners. It is simple human nature that we want to evolve and in that process we come up with innovations and methods which allowed us to handle these. Since the main causes of the global warming are greenhouse gas concentrations, therefore plantation of new trees and especially those that have the capability of absorbing heat can significantly contribute towards reducing the i mpact of global warming on the planet earth. Scientists have discovered that plants with short life cycles or quick growing plants like weeds have the capability to cope with the global warming.(sciencedaily,2007). Similarly corals adopt to cope with the global warming more than any other thing as the studies suggest that corals may be able to sustain the extreme heat by forming new relationships with their algae’s to take on more heat.(Hect,2004). What we as humans has to do is to continuously search and find out methods which can help us to cope with the global warming. Some studies have even suggested that the global warming has stopped and it is no more hurting the mother earth (Lynas, 2008). However there are concerns that the global warming may not be stopping and that it is a continuous phenomenon and will bring in the downfall of humans eventually. There is evidence which suggest that global warming still has to unfold however

Tax(see attachment) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Tax(see attachment) - Essay Example Manufacturing parts in UK and then exporting to third world countries is not viable due to various financial factors. Hence the company has decided to set up a manufacturing unit in any of the third world country. This will help the company to maximize its profits, and at the same time give an opportunity to expand and explore new markets. The following report addresses the various issues that have to be considered from international tax perspective while expanding operations offshore. While setting up an overseas operation there are certain very important tax related issues that need to be considered before choosing an appropriate location. The issue might seem to be too complicated initially given the numerous nations and their individual legal and political systems but there appears to be abroad consensus among all the nations of the world regarding tax matters. And, this is surely a matter of utmost relief to companies that intend to operate across political boundaries as tax matters indeed create problems in estimating income earned by a subsidiary, more so what portion of it can be rightly considered as income of the consolidated entity. However, with the phenomenal rise of multinational corporations, the vexatious issue of which state should rightfully tax which portion of the income of a multinational business entity still poses certain questions for which unambiguous answers are hard to come by. Legally speaking, every state has the jurisdiction to impose tax, irrespective of whether the tax is generated within the domestic territory of the state (source country) or it is generated outside the domestic territory but by a legal entity that is normally resident of the state (residence country). In the international taxation regime that is adhered to by almost all the countries of the world, the country where the tax is generated has the first right to tax

Letter to the editor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Letter to the editor - Essay Example In essence, the tax forced energy raise in energy prices and also costs job. Many businesses have to strain their resources and change business operation techniques to compete well in the marketplace. In essence, exaggerated carbon taxes have been attributed the rapid lose of competitiveness of Australian products in the global market. This is especially due to an increase in the product prices to be able to cover the production costs emanating from the introduction of the high carbon tax. On commencement of the carbon tax, Australian carbon prices tripled those of the European countries. The European Emission Trading Schemes generates $23 million as compared to $77.3 million per week in Australia. As such, Australian exports are higher in prices. These high taxes increases the cost of production and the weight laid on consumers who in turn consume fewer products. The ACCC (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission) find it tricky to monitor prices or take action against organizations that try to exploit consumers or other business by charging unjustly high prices. Notably, businesses and households use price signal as an explanation for lowered consumption of particular products. According to statistics, consumers are likely to turn to using up cheaper imports. This has built uncertainty for investment; hence, companies prone to emission of carbon will be afraid to invest further considering the high tax payment. This also renders high competition from other energy plants. As a result, some industries will end up withdrawing from business; hence, an economic downturn. From above perspective, the controversial carbon policy is both beneficial and detrimental. In line with the set standards on climate change in the Kyoto Protocol, Australia must be committed to trimming down the emission of greenhouse gases. However,

Analyze a Major Retailer Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Analyze a Major Retailer - Term Paper Example Over the years, Macy’s continued success saw the company open regional stores and take over other retailers to increase its presence in the market (Macy’s, 2011) \. Way back in November 25, 1929, another revolution was being made in American retail when Abraham & Straus of Brooklyn, Filene's of Boston, F&R Lazarus & Co. of Columbus, OH, and Bloomingdale's of New York combined together to form Federated Department Stores, Inc. which was later renamed Macy's, Inc. in June 2007(Macy’s, 2011). Each of these retailers had marked and prominent presence in the market with the backing of their rich history. The company grew to be one of the biggest retailers in the company and acquired other stores and retailers in the coming years. It had its own ups and down but in the 1990’s, Federated Department Stores acquired Macys to form Macy’s Inc. Macy's, Inc.  is the owner of both Macy's  and  Bloomingdale's  department stores (Macy’s, 2011). As Fu hrmann (2011) adds, with an annual 2010 sales of $25 billion, Macy’s currently serves its customers in over 800 stores throughout the country and specializes in retail clothing, fashion accessories such as jewellery, handbags and shoes along with household items such as furniture and kitchen items. Macy’s is not just a simple retailer; from its traditional Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade and the 4th of July Fireworks to its Annual Flower Shows and the tree lightings and animated window displays at the time of Christmas, Macy’s has always been in the forefront in creating its own distinctive and unique identity (Macy’s, 2011). Innovation at its forefront, Macy’s is very well known as bringing many ‘firsts’ in the retail industry. Macy introduced several revolutionary business practices in the industry; it initiated the one price system, in which an item was sold across the shops to every customer at one price. It also was the firs t company to quote prices of different products in the newspapers. Macy also made history when it assigned Margaret Getchell, the first female executive in the retail industry. It also was the first retail store in New York to hold the license to sell liquor. With its corporate philosophy revolving around the customer, Macy’s has always recognized the importance of directing its strategies towards providing localized shopping experience to its customers. The Corporate Financial objectives of Macy’s, Inc. are: Increasing sales; Increasing profitability levels Have better return on invested capital; Shareholder return should be maximized (Macy’s, 2011). According to Fuhrmann (2011), keeping in mind the above objectives, Macy’s has seen an increase in sales in the year 2010 by 4.6 % as compared to the previous year while its operating income increased by 7.6% of sales in the year 2010. SWOT ANALYSIS A  SWOT  analysis critically studies a company's  int ernal Strengths and  Weaknesses in relation to the external  Opportunities and  Threats it faces coming from its environment. To understand the environment of Macy’s, a SWOT analysis has been conducted. STRENGTHS Diversity: With the acquisitions of small retailers at all regional levels, Macy’s has strategically aligned and integrated diversity in all aspects of its operations. For Macy’s, diversity has become the most integral and essential part of business. Macy’s caters to a much-diversified market and this has made it very beneficial to its customers, vendors, suppliers and business

Do you think that Mr. Champlin should have consulted with the Navy Essay

Do you think that Mr. Champlin should have consulted with the Navy before spending his time and money on this project - Essay Example Navy irrespective of whether they were lost or considered abandoned in U.S., foreign or international waters. These guidelines are based on the US Constitutional and international maritime laws and the ownership is consistent with Articles 95 and 96 of the Laws of the Sea Convention. These articles delineate the terms of immunity of warships in international waters. Additionally, the statutes as they stand with regards to federal property dictate that all lost or presumed abandoned ships and aircrafts should not be disturbed or removed without a formal application and approval of said application before the property is moved. Operating under this tenet, the actions of Mr. Champlin proved to be in violation of the law. Essentially, he was ignorant of the law but this does not relive any responsibility for its compliance. I find it presumptuous of Mr. Champlin to ask for a refund when he blatantly violated several statutes with regards to presumably abandoned governmental property. I feel that Mr. Champlin should make it his business to be appraised with regards to the special rules of federal property especially in light of the fact that he intended to gain possession of it.

Why did the Communists win the civil war with the Nationalists Research Paper

Why did the Communists win the civil war with the Nationalists - Research Paper Example In the case of Chinese Civil War of 1946-1949 the defeat of Nationalists, despite their military superiority, is an example of the particular phenomenon. At a first level, it should be noted that the Civil War of China had not last only for three years, i.e. from 1946 to 1949; this was the final period of the conflict between the country’s Nationalist party and the Communist party (Hutchings 83). The two parties had been already in conflict from 1927 to 1937, i.e. for about 10 years (Hutchings 83). The war between these parties stopped because of ‘the invasion of Japan’ (Hutchings 83); then, the parties had to join their forces for facing the Japanese. After the end of the war with Japanese, World War II further delayed the continuation of the war between Nationalists and Communists in China (Hutchings 83). In order to check the validity of this paper’s thesis it is necessary to refer primarily to the characteristics of Chinese society. By studying the social environment of the particular war it would be easier to identify the exact reasons that led to the, unexpected, victory of Communists. Indeed, being aware of the challenges that people of different social classes in China had to face in the period under examination it would be easier to understand the response of these people to the War, meaning especially the involvement of people of each of these classes in the military conflict against Communists and Nationalists: the landlord class is influenced by the lifestyle of ‘international bourgeoisie’ (Tse-tung par.3). Another part of the population belongs to the middle bourgeoisie; this is the class of the people who have the control of the production, as based on the rules of capitalism (Tse-tung par.4). There are also those who can be characterized as part of th e petty bourgeoisie; these are the people who have certain benefits from the capitalist production and who are able to

“The Time Machine” by H.G. Wells Essay Example for Free

â€Å"The Time Machine† by H.G. Wells Essay In â€Å"The Time Machine† by H.G. Wells, the Time Traveler confronts a future that has apparently developed into a communist utopia, a belief system that Wells, a socialist, might well have supported.   The Traveler’s immediate reaction to the Eloi and his initial assumption that society has devolved into a classless cooperative reveals Wells’ bias towards a classless society. He also depicts the future as a beautiful, fruit-filled land instead of the dirty, smog-ridden reality that was Victorian era London. It is clear even in the opening chapters of the novel, that the Time Traveler shares many of Wells’ own biases and belief systems.   Though he believes that the Eloi have â€Å"devolved† due to the fact that they no longer need to work or improve their minds, the Time Traveler believes that this society is better than the one he came from where the poor were routinely mistreated and often malnourished. In many ways, the Time Traveler is the ultimate egalitarian: he believes that an Eloi society where the community works together to find its food and to live as equals is superior to his own society. It is not until the Traveler becomes aware of the presence of the Morlocks that he begins to question his initial impression. The fact that the Morlocks have become cannibalistic, Eloi-herders as a way of life is incredible depressing to the Traveler and he sets about to document these changes. Wells writes eventually that the Traveler is wrong in his theory about how the Morlocks and the Eloi come to be, but never discusses what the real cause of the evolution might be. From a philosophical standpoint, Wells development of the Eloi and Morlocks in his story is a remarkable commentary on his observations regarding the nature of man and how society might evolve. It is clear that in the Traveler’s initial opinion, the Eloi have developed from the upper class, from those who were too soft for manual labor and to enamored of recreational pursuits to challenge their minds. Likewise, the Morlocks are clearly supposed to have developed from the underclass and have resorted to violence and death as their way of life, never evolving to the point of problem solving or higher thought. In these most basic descriptions, Wells reveals his own bias towards the class warfare of Victorian England. Indeed, the Morlocks’ propensity for flesh-eating might well have developed out of the satirical writings of Jonathon Swift and his â€Å"A Modest Proposal.†Ã‚   Though in Swift’s essay it is the rich who eat the poor as a form of population control,   his commentary on the classes is very clearly echoed in â€Å"The Time Machine.†Ã‚   Both men argue effectively that class differences in the British Isles will likely lead to one class eating the other. By the subtle change from Swift’s â€Å"Proposal† to Wells’ Morlocks, we find that Wells’ believes it is likely the working class that will become cannabalistic and that the upper class has no redeeming qualities other than the ability to stuff their faces. Another philosophical issue facing the Time Traveler is the impact his travel will have on the world around him. This issue is central to the most recent film adaptation of the movie. In it, the Traveler attempts repeatedly to change the course of time to save his ill-fated fiancà © from certain death.   In both the film and the novel, the Time Traveler is forced to eventually face that he is unable to change the natural progression of time. The most interesting question here is whether he should have attempted to change time in the first place. Having seen the existence of the Eloi and the Morlocks and the eventual destruction of the planet, does the Traveler have any right to unwind, rewind or otherwise twist the fabric of time?   This question is largely unresolved in the novel, as the Traveler simply discovers that if he changes one event in the past, other events adapt to end with the same conclusion. The other question that this demands an answer to is the theory of time itself and of predetermination. If the Traveler is unable to change destiny by changing a specific event and if time adapts so that what is supposed to happen does, in one fashion or another, is there truly any conception of self-determination or is everything predestined. In his novel, Wells’ makes an effective argument for the concept that things happen as they are ordained to happen and man’s impact on them is infinitesimal. He argues through the repeated deaths of the Time Traveler’s fiancà © that fate is fate and cannot be changed. The joy of Wells’ novel is that on the surface it is simply a fantastical voyage into a future that might be, but that once one begins to scratch the surface, he finds a commentary on social justice, industrialization and even religion, as some religions argue that man is pre-destined to live his life in a certain manner. By never resolving the issues within the book, Wells allows the reader to determine for themselves whether they believe in predetermination or if they believe the future can be changed. He allows the reader to make his own judgments regarding the   battle between nature and industrialization and he allows the reader to decide how the battle between the classes will end. The novel allows the reader to take as much or as little from it as they desire and as such it is a classic of English literature.

Contextualising Disability and Immigration in Britain

Contextualising Disability and Immigration in Britain 1. Contextualising disability in modern Britain is a problematic task. The principal challenge of any contextualisation is perhaps the question of whose contextualization is the most apt one. Answering this question and the position taken as a result is also arguably a critical tension within the issue of disability. This then hinges upon whether we contextualize disability from a point of view centred on society generally in modern Britain or whether we contextualize it from the viewpoint of those living with disabilities in modern Britain, (Barnes, 2006). This then highlights the issue as to whether disability is problematic for British society itself or whether it is in actuality British society is disabling itself for those it counts as living within disabilities. We can also contextualize disability in modern Britain in the very sense of its modernity by reflecting on the development of care, policy and legislation for disability, seeing it in a progressive light as a gradual deepe ning of respect and civil society values towards the disabled in Britain. Yet has the success of increased legislation towards the disabled in society gone any way towards combating the problems raised and highlighted by the disability rights movement for example. Perhaps in some ways this question can be answered positively in that legally many forms of discrimination against those living with disabilities has been placed on an equal footing with other kinds of discrimination such as that to do with race and racism. But has a legal countering of discrimination been enough to counter what many might count as socially embedded negative values and attitudes towards the disabled in modern Britain. In many instances activists within the disabled rights movement have argued that this has not occurred. This contextualisation returns us then to the issue noted above in that while legal and political measures have been taken to protect and enable disabled persons to live more active and fuller lives in particular settings socially in terms of British society questions can be asked as to how successful these attitudes have been diffused. As an illustration of this in examining the statistics of those who are disabled and working as opposed to those who are disabled and living on benefits highlights in many ways the inability of disabled persons to secure employment even where they are legally entitled to be considered on the same basis as those who are not disabled, (Kemp, 2006). Contextualising disability then is an interesting task as it centres as such on definitions, attitudes and reactions to the incidence of disability and how those with disability are treated by and perceived by British society in a wider and more general sense. Disability then when we contextualize it in this manner becomes a matter of respective perspectives on the issues that are play within the area of disability. For those then within the disability rights movement for example it is British society itself which is disabling in terms of restricting those living with disability from leading full and active lives. In terms of societal responses then the legal and political measures which have been pursued can be seen as responses to these criticisms. Yet the effectiveness of these can continually be questioned in terms of their impact. Similarly an often occluded aspect of disability in modern British society is the emphasis legally on physical as opposed to mental disabilities. A cl aim that can also be levelled at the disability rights movement itself at times. This can be seen in the fact that much of the legislation has focused on the concerns of those living with physical disabilities to the detriment of those living with mental disabilities, (Borsay, 2005). What this points towards in terms of a contextualization of disability in modern Britain is a failure of particular perspectives to be heard at all in the face of certain perspectives seeing a sustained debate on which version is the more correct one to be used in examining the issue of disability. 2. A contextualization of immigration in modern Britain is in many critical ways a contextualization of modern Britain itself. This can be seen in a number of key ways, such as for example the historical impacts of immigration on the makeup and composition of modern Britain. It can also be located in some of the more current socially problematic issues such as the role of Britain in the European Union, terrorism and the decline of the primacy of the welfare state. These are however broad claims and as such then how does a contextualization of immigration become relevant to the themes outlined above? Perhaps the clearest way a contextualisation of immigration points to these themes is by the manner in which immigration is discursively as an issue by society. As such then it can be argued that the discourse of immigration in Foucauldian terms points towards a complexity of issues that reflects, intersects and interacts with a set of much broader discourses within British society. Not only this but importantly but in terms of this wider social discourse on immigration what is not perceived or what is not discussed has immediate relevance also for the themes mentioned above, (Block, 2006). As such immigration can be seen as a contested issue and its contextualization as such offers insights into critical debates within modern Britain. An example of this can be seen in the recent debates over the economic benefits of immigration which are made against the backdrop of the expansion of the EU. Here there has been a shift from the unrestricted access of inhabitants of the first accession countries such as Poland to living and working in Britain to one of restrictions for newer accession countries such as Romania. Similarly debates over multiculturalism in the wake of recent terrorist acts have seen immigration being contested in the sense of how well do newer immigrants, and in particular Muslim immigrants integrate into British society. Likewise a final aspect of the contested nature of immigration is their partaking of the use of various public services in Britain. Arguments are made that immigration causes strains on public services such as the NHS, housing, education a nd other aspects of the welfare state, (Dustmann, 2005). Each of these issues are importantly social and political discourses themselves also. A contextualisation of immigration then needs to consider whether immigration is a feature of these discourses or whether they are a feature of immigration itself. Arguably the most suitable approach is to see a contextualisation of immigration as a mix between both of the extremes outlined above to see it as a contested discourse. Dissecting these contestations of immigration then is arguably the principal method to contextualizing immigration in modern Britain. It is an issue as such that is a mirror and a lens reflecting and providing insights into what are major transformational debates in modern Britain. Indeed the greater immigration is perceived or is in actuality occurring then the greater these debates are played out in the media, political circles and within national and local settings, (Cohen, 2001). There is a need then to situate immigration discursively within a framework which recognizes the multiplicity of discourses which are at play or are extolled in relation to the issue of immigration. It is a discourse containing many images and symbols about particular aspects of modern British society which are seen as problematic. Conte xtualising immigration then as a result necessitates a contextualisation of many disparate aspects of British society. References Barnes, C. (2006) Independent Futures: Creating User-Led Disability Services in a Disabling Society, Bristol, Policy Block, D. (2006) Multilingual Identities in a Global City: London Stories, Basingstoke, Macmillan Borsay, A. (2005) Disability and Social Policy in Britain since 1750: A History of Exclusion, Basingstoke, Macmillan Cohen, S. (2001) Immigration Controls, The Family and the Welfare State, London, Jessica Kingsley Publishers Dustmann, C. (2005) Immigration, Jobs and Wages: Theory, Evidence and Opinion, London, Center for Economic Policy Research Kemp, P. A. (2006) Sick Societies? , Geneva, International Social Security Association

The effect of drugs on heart rate: Research experiment

The effect of drugs on heart rate: Research experiment The water flea Daphnia pulex (see figure 1) is a small (1.1-3.5mm long ) crustacean commonly found in ponds in the United Kingdom. The full taxonomy of Daphnia pulux is as follows: Kingdom – Branchiopoda Phylum – Diplostraca Class – Cladocera Order – Anomopoda Family – Daphniidae Genus – Daphnia Subgenus pulex Figure 1. Daphnia pulex, showing the clear exoskeleton and inside the body (Cladoceran website 2005) Whilst being crustaceans and having an exoskeleton Daphnia are easy to study as their exoskeleton is actually clear so it is possible to see through it and study the working of the inside of their body. In particular it is possible to see the flow of the circulatory system and the heart beating. Therefore they are useful to test the effects of specific drugs on heartbeat, as it is easy to see the changes via an obvious change in heartbeat. Daphnia have been used in the present experiment as they are readily available and it is simple to study the effects of drugs on their systems. They are also robust to a variety of chemicals being present in their environment so can be used to assess the effects of these chemicals without fear that the chemicals will kill them instantly. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), alcohol (ethanol), and caffeine are drugs that all commonly used by people. All 3 drugs have an effect on the human heart, mostly through indirect effects on the circulation and factors that affect circulation – eg platelet clotting. Alcohol causes a lowering of heart beat due to expanding the veins through vasodilatation. Aspirin also lowers the heart rate via its effects on platelets and the way that they cause veins to constrict. Caffeine, however, acts to increase heart beat. It is unfortunately not practical to test the effect of any of the drugs on the heartbeat of people as the drugs have a lot of other effects within the body as well. Instead Daphnia are used as they have a small body so the drug effects are less widespread and the effect on the heart is easy to assess. The effects are also evident very quickly so it is possible to carry out a large number of investigations in a relatively short space of time. Hypothesis The experimental hypotheses for each of the three drugs are as follows: Aspirin will cause the heart rate of Daphnia to lower in a concentration dependent manner. Alcohol will cause the heart rate of Daphnia to lower in a concentration dependent manner. Caffeine will cause heart rate of Daphnia to increase in a concentration dependent manner. The null hypothesis in all cases is that each of the drugs will have no effect on the concentration rate of Daphnia. Variables In order to see whether it is actually the drugs that are causing the change in the heart rate of Daphnia the only variable that can change is the concentration of the drug. As well as this each drug will have to be tested separately to make sure that it is only the effect of that drug which is causing the change, if any. A fourth set of results also needs to be taken, which is the heart rate of daphnia without any of the drugs added at all. For this experiment the independent variable will be the drug concentration. An independent variable is one that is chosen and set specifically by the experimentor. For this experiment the dependent variable – the one that changes as a result of the independent variable changing – will be the heart rate of the Daphnia. Constant variables will be: The number of Daphnia (approx 100) The volume of water (100ml) The temperature (same room temperature of approx 21  °C in all cases) The species of Daphnia (Daphnia pulux) The amount of water transferred to microscope slide for each test (1ml) The same length of time the Daphnia would be left in the chemical (1 hour) Method Daphnia will be collected from a pond, using a fine mesh sive and kept in a contained with pond water until they can be counted and the correct number can be transferred to a petri dish containing 100ml of distilled water for each experiment. Distilled water will be used so that there are no other chemicals present which might have an effect on heart rate. Approximately 100 Daphnia will be used for each experiment, although it would not be possible to count exactly that number so an approximate number will be used in each case. Aspirin will come in a readily available over the counter soluble form (Boots 300mg soluble aspirin) Caffeine will also come in a readily available over the counter form of ProPlus (50 mg Caffeine) Alcohol will come from vodka (Smirnoff Blue label 45% vol). The drug will be added to the distilled water in the petri dish before adding the daphnia and stirred with a clean glass rod to make sure that it is fully dissolved and spread throughout the liquid. Then the daphnia will be transferred to the petri dish using a pipette. Drugs will be in the quantities shown in tables 1-3 Table 1. A table showing the number of caffeine tablets used in each experiment and the resulting caffeine concentration Table 2. A table showing the number of aspirin tablets used in each experiment and the resulting aspirin concentration Table 3. A table showing the amount of vodka used in each experiment and the resulting alcohol concentration There would actually be only 1 control experiment, to check for differences caused by the drug, so the top row of each table actually corresponds to the same experiment, where there is just water in the petri dish and no added chemicals. As the daphnia are small organisms with a relatively permeable exoskeleton they would be able to absorb the caffeine present in the water and it could have its effect upon the body. In each case the Daphnia would be left in the water and drug for a time of 1 hour to ensure that the drug has had any effect. As the Daphnia are only going to be used for a short period of time they would receive no food as it would not be necessary. Whilst whole Daphnia are visible to the naked eye, a microscope is necessary to see the actually heart beats. Therefore a clean pipette will be used to transfer a droplet of the treated water and daphnia onto a microscope slide. This would then be covered using a cover slip to prevent the liquid from moving. This will then be looked at under the microscope and the number of times the Daphnia’s heart beats per minute recorded. Each time that the heart beat is counted it will be repeated 3 times to obtain an average. Different microscope slides would be used in each case to avoid cross contamination by different drugs or drug concentrations. Equipment list Fine mesh sieve Plastic container to store daphnia in Distilled water (13 x 100 ml) 13 clean plastic pipettes 13 clean petri dishes 13 microscope slides and cover slips Light microscope Caffeine tablets (ProPlus) Aspirin tablets (Boots soluble aspirin) Alcohol (Smirnoff blue label vodka) Measuring cylinder Risk assessment There are a number of specific areas which involve risk within this experiment. These are the initial collection of daphnia, the handling of daphnia and the handling of chemicals. Specific risk assessment are as follows: If alcohol / drug is ingested then rinse out mouth immediately and seek medical advice. If alcohol / drug solution is spilt on clothes rinse affected area and remove clothes if necessary. If alcohol / drug solution gets into eyes then rinse out immediately and seek medical advice. An adult (over 18) must purchase the vodka and be present during its use. Care should be taken when obtaining the daphnia from a pond and an adult should ideally do the collecting. If pond water is ingested then rinse out mouth immediately and seek medical advice. Results It was found that, as Daphnia heart beat was very fast it was easier and more reliable to count in 15 second sections and then convert this to beats per minute. So this was done in all cases. The heart rate of daphnia under control conditions was found to be an average of 350 beats / minute. The results for each of the 3 drugs are considered separately below. Caffeine The results from the experiment to investigate the effect of caffeine upon the heart rate of Daphnia are shown in figure 2 below. Figure 2. The effect of caffeine on the heart rate of Daphnia Pulex (average of 3 counts) It can be seen that there is a positive correlation between caffeine concentration and Daphnia heart rate. The percentage increase in heart rate, when compared to control, is shown in table 4 below. Table 4. A table showing the effect of increasing caffeine concentration on daphnia heart rate Aspirin Unfortunately the concentrations of aspirin used actually killed the daphnia whilst they were in the solution for the required hour. Therefore it was necessary to alter the concentrations and repeat the experiment. As the daphnia died at all concentrations of aspirin even 30 mg / litre must have been too concentrated for them. Therefore the concentration was reduced to 10% of original values, and the experiment repeated. The new concentrations were obtained by diluting the dissolved tablets in more distilled water, eg 10 times the amount to obtain concentrations of 1/10. unfortunately, due to time constraints, the counts could not be repeated 3 times so the figure are for a single count at each concentration. The results from these new concentrations are shown in figure 3 below. Figure 3. The effect of aspirin on the heart rate of Daphnia It can be seen from figure 3 that there is no particular pattern to the results, other than the fact that aspirin is linked to a reduction in heart rate. However this reduction does not appear to be concentration dependent, or at least not at the concentrations used in this experiment. Alcohol The effect of increasing alcohol concentration is shown in figure 4. Figure 4. The effect of alcohol on the heart rate of Daphnia (average of 3 counts) It can be seen that alcohol had quite a large effect on the heart rate of daphnia and there was an inverse correlation between alcohol concentration and heart rate. The percentage decrease in heart rate, when compared to control, is shown in table 5 below. Table 5. A table showing the effect of increasing alcohol concentration on daphnia heart rate Statistical analysis of results It was not possible to undertake accurate statistical analysis of the aspirin results as only 1 count was taken at each concentration level on the repeated experiment. However it was possible to undertake a t test analysis on the alcohol and caffeine results, using the original data as opposed to the mean results shown in the graphs. Statistical analysis was carried out using the software available from Graphpad quickcalcs. These statistically analysed results are shown in table 6 and 7 below. Table 6. A table to show the relative statistical significance of varying concentrations of caffeine upon the heart rate of daphnia Table 7. A table to show the relative statistical significance of varying concentrations of alcohol upon the heart rate of daphnia Discussion The results from this experiment indicate that both caffeine and alcohol affect heart rate of daphnia. Aspirin may affect heart rate but the results obtained here do not provide enough evidence to support this view fully. Why does caffeine affect heart rate? The results from this experiment show that caffeine causes heart rate to increase by around 0.05% per mg of caffeine. Whilst it cannot be known exactly why this happens there are various possible reasons. Caffeine if a methylxanthine which acts by inhibiting the enzyme (phosphodiesterase) that metabolises cAMP. The resulting rise in cAMP levels has the same effect as increasing levels of adenylate cyclase, which is one of the principal effects of adrenaline. Adrenaline is known to increase heart rate via its effects on the  Ã‚ ¢1 adrenoceptors so it is likely that caffeine has a similar effect. Whilst these effects are known about in humans, and daphnia are not the same organisms, it is likely that the effects are mediated for similar reasons – eg the involvement of enzymes and inhibition / stimulation of these. It is possible that the effects of caffeine were not as pronounced as might have occurred due to a reflex reaction. In humans an increase in heart rate is often rapidly followed by a reflexive compensatory mechanism to slow the heart rate again. This compensation can involve the veins dilating and a stimulation of enzymes such as phosphodiesterase in order to reduce cAMP levels. In the case of the daphnia it might have been the case that a more significant rise in heart rate occurred as soon as the caffeine was absorbed by the daphnia but then there was a compensatory mechanism to reverse this effect. However as the solution of caffeine was present around the daphnia for the whole duration of the experiment then this is unlikely as each time new caffeine was absorbed it would cause heart rate to increase, and the daphnia’s system would not be able to constantly undergo the reflexive compensations. How does aspirin affect heart rate Aspirin has its principal effects on an enzyme called cyclo-oxygenase. Aspirin acts by binding to the active site of the enzyme, thus preventing it from binding to the eiocosanoid and having its required effect. The inhibition is irreversible as aspirin binds permanently to the active site of the enzyme. Cyclo-oxygenase (COX) is the main enzyme involved in the conversion of eiocosanoids found in membrane fatty acids, into the inflammatory mediators prostaglandins and leuoktrienes. COX acts to convert arachadonic acid into the prostaglandin precursor prostaglandin G2 and also to convert this precursor into prostaglandin H2. It is from PGH2 that the main inflammatory mediators are generated. Therefore the prevention of COX prevents even the first part of the inflammatory cycle from taking place. Whilst it is not immediately obvious how the prevention of inflammatory mediators should reduce heart rate, it becomes obvious when the effect of the inflammation on heart rate is known. Whilst each individual prostanoid has slightly different effects, the overall one if to cause vasoconstriction and also an increase in myocardial contractility. This latter particularly results in heart rate being increased as the heart muscle in contracting more frequently. This means that decreases heart rate by preventing this increased heart muscle contraction, as well as preventing the vasculature from constricting so much. Again, it is the effects of aspirin in humans that is known about, but it could be expected that the effect is similar in daphnia. Why might alcohol affect heart rate It is not known exactly how ethanol acts to decrease heart rate, but it is believed to be a knock on effect from the changes in peripheral vasculature. Ethanol is known to cause vadodilatation – eg dilation of blood vessels. If blood vessels are dilated then there is more space thus a greater volume for blood so the heart has to beat fewer times to deliver the same amount of blood. It is also possible that ethanol has its effects on heart rate via a central nervous system effect. Ethanol initially increase catecholamine release, including dopamine. This acts to stimulate heart rate. However following this initial effect ethanol actually reduces the concentration of catecholamines, principally noradrenaline, by increasing the rate at which it is removed from cells. As the daphnia had been left in the ethanol containing water for an hour it would be expected that they had reached this second stage by the time heart rate was being measured. However it is possible that the conflict between the initial and subsequent effects of alcohol could be the reason why the results did not follow a particular pattern. Sources of error Whilst statistical significance appears to be present in a number of results it is very difficult to be certain with such a small population number. In order to be more certain of results, a much larger sample size should be used in each case. When a result has been shown to be significant and is actually due to chance this is known as a type I statistical error. Temperature is another variable that affects the heart rate of daphnia, evident by the fact that daphnia can be preserved alive at low temperatures due to a slowing of heart rate. Therefore it is possible that the heat from the light microscope lamp caused an increase in the heart rate. However, as the light was present on each counting session this variable, whilst possibly affecting heart rate, would affect all counts by a similar amount. Therefore all counts would be raised from what they should be. This would serve to make the results from caffeine more significant and alcohol less significant. Given that the results from alcohol showed an inverse correlation then this source of error could have only made the results less significant. However in the case of the caffeine it is possible that they were responsible for the change in heart rate observed, rather than the caffeine, as the changes were rather small anyway. If the experiment were to be repeated this could be controlled by careful monitoring of temperature and ensuring that this remained constant throughout the experiment, a variable that was no measured in this experiment. The fact that alcohol had to be used from an initially diluted form, and in a non pure ethanol formulation may have caused the results to be affected. Whilst calculations were made to find the overall concentration of ethanol into which the daphnia were placed, it is not certain whether this was correct. The alcohol could have contained other chemicals in addition to ethanol which could have affected the daphnia and their heart rate. The formulation of caffeine used was in the form of proplus tablets. These are also not caffeine in a pure format and would contain other padding chemicals such as sugar and talcum powder to make up the tablet. Sugar may well affect the heart rate of daphnia as it is a food stuff for them, and their heart rate may change whilst feeding, or following a substantial amount of food. Whilst daphnia reproduce asexually they are present in male and female forms. It was not possible to ascertain which gender was being counted on each occasion. It is the females which actually give birth to young. However pregnant females have a lower heartbeat than non pregnant females and males. Therefore if some of the daphnia that were being counted were actually pregnant females then this could have artificially lowered the heart rate result. Without studying each daphnia and ensuring that all were of the same gender and pregnant / not it is not possible to tell whether this factor adversity affected the results. Whilst the daphnia were held in place loosely on the microscope slide they were not fixed in place. Therefore it was not always possible to check that it was the same daphnia that was being used for the repetitions of counts for each of the drug treatments. It is therefore possible that the variation within each of the 3 counts was due to different daphnia being used, rather than a different heart rate at different times. It was not possible to ascertain how old each daphnia was which may have had an effect on heart rate as juveniles usually have a higher heart rate than older organisms. It was assumed that all daphnia obtained from the pond were actually of the common daphnia pulex species. However it is possible that there were a mix of different species within the sample collected. If an organism from a different species was used for each of the counts then this could also give rise to altered results. Evaluation The How Did Whatsapp Become Popular? How Did Whatsapp Become Popular? How did WhatsApp overpower other chatting apps? A research on what reasons made WhatsApp the number 1 chatting app in the past 5 years. Abstract In this research, 15 random chat apps users who are from different ages, genders, countries, and educational status filled a survey about their usage and experience of chatting apps.   The analysis of the survey showed that 85.7 percent of chatting apps users are addicted to them as they use them for more than three hours per day. most of them prefer Whatsapp for different reasons. 57.1 percent of the users said that privacy is number one priority for them. They look for a chatting app by which they can remain anonymous and their personal information are safe. Another fifty percent of the users said that they prefer WhatsApp because it is easy to use. A friendy user interface make chatting simpler and easier. A chatting app is made to make peoples life easier so it must be, it self, simple. Only 42.9 percent of users care about the security of the chatting app they use. They look for a chatting app that had no vulnerabilities that hackers can exploit to hack into their phones. Wort h to mention that there is no 100 percent secure app or system so no matter how the system platform is protected and well built, still there is a way or another to hack into it. The last reason for choosing Whatsapp is that it is popular and most people use it. 35.8 percent of users said that no matter how good it is, a messaging app is nothing without plenty of users. They want a chatting app in which they can find their friends and communicate with them. Introduction We are in a time in which chatting apps and social media became of the needs of our daily life. Whether they agree or not, people depend on chatting apps so much on their life to the extent that they can not live without. They use them in all aspects of life eg. get in touch with their friends and relatives, to discuss matters of business, and to explain a lesson to a classmate. Beside the instant messaging, the group chats that people create with friends and colleagues help them to share their ideas, information, point of views, and feelings with each other.   The trend of instant messaging apps lead to the establishment of many chatting apps until it turned into a business in which many counterparts challenge each other to create an application that can attract the majority of users by offering them the features that they look for. One of these chatting applications is WhatsApp. It was established in 2009 by Brian Acton and Jan Koum with the slogan â€Å"Simple. Personal. Real time messaging.† The new app came with plenty of features like as the ability to make group chats, set broadcast contacts and send unlimited images, video and audio messages. Beside being full of features, easy to use, and a pioneer in its category, it helped people to save money by using it instead of the regular SMS messages (Short Message Service) so users do not have to pay extra fees for sending messages. Moreover, it helped make communication over barriers much easier and cheaper than it ever been. All of these features, and others, made WhatsApp the number one chatting app for the past 5 years. In this study, I will investigate how did WhatsApp become the number one chatting app in the world during the past 5 years, what people like on WhatsApp, and what circumstances lead to the failure of other chatting apps. I used a survey which is filled by 15 random people in different ages, genders, countries, and educational status to see what do they like on chatting apps, WhatsApp specifically,   what do they do not like, and what do they expect is the future of chatting applications. The survey is analyzed and its results and foundings are shown at the end of this research paper. Literature review Many studies are done about chatting apps, social media, Whatsapp. A study entitled â€Å"Smartphone application usage amongst students at a South African University†,done in the year 2012 by Walter U, Aadilah M, et.al assessed on the usage of smartphones and social media in between users in a South African University. The study showed that students remain online for 16 hours a day and spend about 5 hours per day on their smart phones interacting and communicating with other their friends, colleagues and relatives through social networking applications. This Application (WhatsApp) is highly addictive and can create a great impact on regular users, and apart from that it can leave a trace that becomes difficult to control and cure. Some of the most prominent technological innovations are smart phones, laptops and using the internet. They have greatly affected many aspects of our lives. Today the Internet continues to grow day by day at an incredible speed. About 32.7% of the world’s population has access to the internet. Howe, Yeboah J, Ewur G. (2014) The two researchers also said that the main purpose behind this application is to replace SMS with a crossplatform mobile messenger that works on an internet data plan. If you have unlimited text, it is still beneficial as it is a convenient way to avoid international fees that carriers may charge. Mayer, Davis, and Schoorman, (1995) define trust in chatting and social media as â€Å"the willingness of a party to be vulnerable to the actions of another party based on the expectation that the other will perform a particular action important to the trustor, irrespective of the ability to monitor or control that other party† (p. 712) Trust is also important for successful online interactions (Coppola, Hiltz, and Rotter, 2004, Jarvenpaa and Leidner, 1998, Meyerson, 1996, Piccoli and Ives, 2003). Trust is also a central component of social exchange theory (Roloff, 1981). â€Å"Millions of people have joined social networking sites, adding profiles that reveal personal information. The reputations of social networking sites has been diminished by a number of incidents publicized by the news media† (Chiaramonte and Martinez, 2006, Hass, 2006, Mintz, 2005, Read, 2006), This raise the question whether ot not it is â€Å"possible to join a network of millions of people and be able to trust all of them.† Of course this does not look plgican. WWe can not trust strangers. Howver people still join networks and reveal their very personal information. what role does trust play in the use of social networking sites? Case study This study is based on a survey in which the responders answer some questions about what attracts him or her to a chatting app, what features does he or she want, and what aspects does he keep in mined when he choose a chatting app eg.security, privacy, ease to use and popularity of the application. This survey is published in a twitter page. 15 random people were engaged in it. They are from different ages, genders, countries, and educational status. The variety of the responders should help getting more accurate results and foundings for the study. A copy of the survey is attached. Research and survey results   The published survey got 15 responses from which I derived these analysis and answer the question of the paper, how did whatsapp overpower other chatting apps and be number one chatting application during the recent five years? The responses showed that 85.7% of users use different chatting apps more than three hours per day which is considered as addiction. Only 14.3 use instant messaging apps for only 1-3 hours per day. This is a regular usage. And nobody from the responders use chatting apps less than an hour a day. These results indicate that people are obviously in addiction with chatting apps no matter what do they use them for. When the responders were asked about the chatting apps they use, the all put WhatsApp at the top of the list, twitter comes second and Black Berry third. The reasons they all chose WhatsApp is clarified in the following figure 57.1% of the responders said that privacy is number one priority. They want to be anonymous and their personal information must be hidden to the eye’s of strangers. They ask for privacy options they can enable or disable by their choice. Since WhatsApp offer these options, it is their choice. However, children and even parents are rarely aware of the potential risks of information disclosure through mobile devices. Personal information, such as real-time locations, photos, and calendar, can be easily leaked via using mobile applications from mobile devices. (Chen Y et.al) They also claim that users’ personal information has been aggressively collected by different parities from mobile devices. 50 percent of the responders said that they prefer WhatsApp because it is easy to use. A friendy user interface make chatting simpler and easier. A chatting app is made to make peoples life easier so it must be, it self, simple. Security comes in rank 3 of the most important feature in a chatting application. 42.9% of people voted that whatsapp is secure enough to protect them against hackers’ attacks. Worth to mention that whatsapp was not encrypted, and though secure,   until April 2016 (Whatsapp.com). 35.8% said that the popularity of chatting app is the fourth most important feature. No matter how good it is, a messaging app is nothing without plenty of users. Keep in mind that because of the different protocols of chatting apps it is not possible to send a message from a certain app to another. A message must be sent and received by the same app. So 35.8 percent of people Conclusion Chatting apps and social media became parts of modern daily life. Nearly 85.7 percent of people are addicted to use their phones and chat more than 4 hours a day. People tend to look for a chatting app that respect their privacy and give them the choice to choose to what extent they are exposed to others. Security is also another important feature people look for. Ease to use and the popularity of chatting apps can make difference on peoples choices. A simple and popular chatting app is always listed as a good choice to use since it will allow the user to chat easily with a huge number of people. References Yeboah J, Ewur G. The Impact of whatsApp Messenger Usage on Student’s Performance in Tertiary Institutions in Ghana. In journal of Education and Practice. Vol.5 2014.Hindocha, N. Instant Insecurity: Security Issues of Instant Messaging. http://www.luisdelgado.es/seguridad/crypt4you/curso_comunicaciones_digitales/documentacion/im_security_issues.pdf . Accessed on 10]11\2016Chen, Y. Zhu, S. Zhou, Y. Xu, H. Protecting Children’s Personal Information: Using Contextual Integrity Theory to Examine Information Boundary on Mobile Devices. http://cs-sys-1.uis.georgetown.edu/~sz303/PIR2015/pir_submission/pir2015_submission_6.pdf. Accessed on 2016\11\10.Dwyer, C. Hiltaz, S. Passerini, K. Trust and Privacy Concern within Social Networking Sites: A Comparison of Facebook and MySpace. http://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1849context=amcis2007 Accessed on 10\11\2016Schrittwieser, S. Fruhwirt, P. et. al. Guess Who’s Texting You? Evaluating the Security of Smartphone Messaging Applications. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.681.9726rep=rep1type=pdf Accessed on 14\11\2016Jisha K, Jebakumar, Whatsapp: A Trend Setter in Mobile Communication among Chennai Youth. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 19, Issue 9, Ver. VII (Sep. 2014), PP 01-06Smartphone Application Usage Amongst Students at a South African University, Walter UYS 1 , Aadilah MIA, Gary Jeffrey JANSEN, Haythem VAN DER SCHYFF, Michael Andre JOSIAS, Michelle KHUSU, Muzaffer GIERDIEN, Natacha Andrea LEUKES, Sulungeka FALTEIN, Tejas GIHWALA, Tracey-Lee THEUNISSEN, Yaseen SAMSODIEN. IST-Africa 2012 Conference Proceedings. Paul Cunningham and Miriam Cunningham (Eds) IIMC International Information Management Corporation , 2012Mayer, R. C., J. H. Davis, and F. D. Schoorman (1995) â€Å"An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust,† The Academy of Management Review (20) 3, pp. 709-734.Coppola, N., S. R. Hiltz, and N. Rotter (2004) â€Å"Building Trust in Virtual Teams,† IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication (47) 2, pp. 95-104.Roloff, M. E. (1981) Interpersonal communication: The social exchange approach. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.

Effects Of Technology :: essays research papers

The Effects of Technology   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is no escape from technology. In most cases this is not a problem though. Many people respect and admire technology because it is there to benefit them. Without the technological advances we have had over the years, the world would not be what it is today. What people don’t understand is that technology can actually be a bad thing. In society today, people are looking for more and more ways to be entertained, and all it is doing is causing problems. People are doing less and less thinking and more and more watching, listening, and playing, all because of technology. Forms of entertainment like the Internet, television and even video games seem harmless to people, but they are really not. When the Internet was first introduced, people never thought it would be as big as it is today. The Internet is an easy to use technology that can do just about anything. But what people don’t understand is that the Internet is not all good. Much of the information posted on sites on the Internet is merely opinions, not factual information. When people look at this information, it looks and seems like trustful information, but most of the time, it is not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although the Internet is a relatively new technology, television has been around for about fifty years. There are many problems with television though, mainly with the content of the shows. Many of the shows on television portray violence, drugs, sexual activity, and profanity. People who watch these shows see what the actors and actresses are doing and then feel it is all right for them to do the same things. If a kid is watching a show were one of the actors or actresses use profanity, they will feel it is all right for them to use the same language. When television first came on the market about fifty years ago, families had one television at the most in the household, and most families only used the television for the news or for an occasional show or two. Today, it is a rarity if you find only one television in a household. Most families have numerous televisions in their house and use it more and more for entertainment purposes. People of all ages are addicted to television. On average, people watch about thirty hours of television a week. But the people who go beyond this mark are known to society as “couch potatoes';.

Free Trade Agreement and Its Affect on Canadian Business Essay

Free Trade Agreement and Its Affect on Canadian Business With the coming of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) there have been very serious implications for Canadian business and for that matter, Canada as a whole. Many aspects of the previous economic climate have changed such as the reduction or eliminatation of tariffs and the restrictions on subsidies to name only a few. There has been much heated debate on the pros and cons of this deal: whether Canada will prosper or become the 51st. American state. This paper will not take this approach to the issue of whether or not it is a wise agreement, but will look at what business can do to better itself with the existing FTA. If Canadian business is to survive and prosper in this radically changed North American and Global atmosphere of easier trading, then it must adapt. Some of the main areas that will have to be addressed is the need for more productive and efficient operations, a new focus by business on the new trading reality, and a change in policies by Government to enable Canada to function better with the FTA. The FTA stands to alter Canadian business which has grown rather relaxed and inefficient behind walls of tarrifs. While these may have initially spurred industry, they have after time encouraged complacency. With these rapidly disappearing walls, business will have to become "lean and mean" in order to compete in a very competitive global market. Looking at the present state of affairs our status in research and development (R&D), labour costs and expansion, there is much that must be done. Compared to the other industrialized western nations we lag far behind in nearly all areas. Take for example R&D. In 1990 Canada spe... ... Cameron, Duncan. The Free Trade Papers. James Lorimor & Company, Publishers, Toronto, 1986 The Canada and US FTA (Complete Doccument), External affairs Canada, Ottawa Laxer, James. Leap of Faith: Free Rade and the Future of Canada. Hurtig Publishers, Edmonton, 1986 The Case Against the Critics of Free Trade. John Miora. Finanical Post, Feb. 8, 1986 Brave New World. Marc Tait. Maclean's, Jan. 9, 1989 Firms going continental. Jennifer Sachsa. Globe and Mail, June 12, 1990 Roundtable: The Canada-US FTA. Fred Swift. Globe and Mail. August 12, 1988 End Notes 1 Firms going continental. Jennifer Sachsa. Globe and Mail, June 12, 1990 2 Brave New World. Marc Tait. Maclean's, Jan. 9, 1989 3 Firms going continental. Jenniger Sachsa. Globe and Mail, June 12, 1990 4 Roundtable: The Canada-US FTA. Fred Swift. Globe and Mail. August 12, 1988

Fascism in History :: Papers

Fascism in History The Age of Anxiety, the age of the lost generation, was also an age in which modern Fascism and Totalitarianism made their appearance on the historical stage. By 1939, liberal democracies in Britain, France, Scandinavia and Switzerland were realities. But elsewhere across Europe, various kinds of dictators reared their ugly heads. Dictatorship seemed to be the wave of the future. It also seemed to be the wave of the present. After all, hadn't Mussolini proclaimed that this century would be a century of the right? Of Fascism? And this is what bothered such writers as Arthur Koestler (1905-1983), Yevgeny Zamayatin (1884-1937), Aldous Huxley (1894-1963), Karel Capek (1890-1938) and George Orwell (1903-1950). It was a nightmare world in which human individuality was subsumed under the might of totalitarian collectivism. The modern totalitarian state rejected liberal values and exercised total control over the lives of its subjects. How this indeed occurred is the subject of this lecture. It goes without saying that the governments of Europe had been conservative and anti-democratic throughout their long histories. The leaders of such governments -- whether monarch or autocrat -- WERE the government, and by their very nature, prevented any incidence of social or political change that might endanger the existing social order. Of course, there have been enlightened monarchs but few of them would have been so enlightened to have removed themselves from the sinews of power. Before the 19th century these monarchs legitimized their rule by recourse to the divine right theory of kingship, an idea which itself appeared in medieval Europe. Such was the case in France until the late 18th century when French revolutionaries decided to end the Bourbon claim to the throne by divine right by cutting off the head of Louis XVI. Of course, France ended up with Napoleon who also claimed the divine right of kingship. Only this time, divine right emanated from Napoleon himself. In a country such as England, on the other hand, twenty years of civil war in the 17th century as well as the Glorious Revolution of 1688, produced a constitutional monarchy. In the 19th century, it was the dual revolution -- the Industrial and French Revolutions -- which created the forces of social change which monarchs, enlightened or not, could not fail to take heed. A large middle class had made its appearance in the 18th century but lacked status. Now, in the 19th century, this large class of entrepreneurs, factory owners, civil servants, teachers, lawyers, doctors, merchants and other professionals wanted their voices heard by their governments. They became a force which had to be reckoned with

Shark: Blood and Dr. Ramos

Eight-year-old Jim Morris, wading in the warm current off Florida's Gulf Coast, swam easily toward his sister Amy and his uncle Robert. But the kids' fun in the shoulder-deep water was cut short by Jim's shouts of â€Å"Get it off me! Get it off me! † Amy's screams sliced through the peacefully rolling breakers like a knife, â€Å"Help! A shark has bitten off my brother's arm! Call 911! † Nearby swimmers heard the cries as Uncle Robert yelled, â€Å"Help us get the shark. It swallowed the arm! † The swimmers converged on the spot, grabbing the six-and-a-half-foot bull shark by the tail and holding on for dear life. The twitching shark was hauled ashore barehanded by the group of men and shot. They pried open the shark's mouth while Robert pulled Jim's right arm out from between its jaws. As the boy's blood soaked into the white sand, lifeguards began CPR and applied a tourniquet. Paramedics arrived to stabilize Jim for transport to nearby Coastal Hospital. His arm was packed in ice and taken along. In the emergency room, Dr. Elaine Rogers, the physician on duty, quickly ordered multiple transfusions to restore the boy's blood supply as the ER team began stabilizing his vital signs. Dr. Rogers began assembling the operating room team that would attempt to reattach Jim's arm. She called Ronan McBane, a microvascular surgeon, at his home. â€Å"Ronan, we have a cleanly severed arm due to a shark bite. It looks like it was just chopped off, with not much shredding of the tissue. The sharp-edged teeth of the shark bit through the boy's arm so cleanly it almost seems to have been severed by a cleaver. The boy is eight years old and, although he is still in pretty bad shape, we think that since the arm was recovered and is in reasonably good condition, we have a good chance at success. Further conversation convinced Ronan that reattachment was possible. By the time Dr. McBane arrived, the other members of his medical team had started scrubbing for the 12 hours of surgery that would be needed to reconnect Jim's muscles, bone, and nerves. Dr. McBane announced to the watching interns: â€Å"This arm was severed about four inches above the elbow. I want first to identify the muscles, blood vessels, and nerves in both the arm and the stump. We'll mark each of these with sutures so that once Dr. Ramos has trimmed the wound and put in the supporting plate, we'll be able to come back and hoo k everything up. † Once the sutures were in place, orthopedic surgeon Juliet Ramos explained her role: â€Å"I'm going to trim bone on each side of the cut so that we can put in a plate that will keep the two parts of his arm together. This procedure will make the right arm a little shorter than the left one, but the one-inch difference shouldn't be too noticeable. † After the plate was screwed in, Dr. Ronan said: â€Å"Jim's arm is now intact from the shoulder to the hand, but the hard part is just beginning. We must now reattach each of the muscles and nerves on either side of this gap between the shoulder portion and the severed arm. We will also need to harvest the saphenous vein in order to reconnect some of these vessels. † Several hours later all of the blood vessels and nerves were connected. Dr. Ronan removed the clamps from the brachial and other arteries and blood started flowing once more through Jim's arm, bringing it to life again. As Jim was sent into the recovery room, Dr. Ramos and Dr. McBane looked at each other with relief. The two surgeons then left the operating room to explain the operation to Jim's parents. Although the prognosis for their son's recovery was good, one sentence spoken by Dr. Ramos stood out to Mr. and Mrs. Morris: â€Å"It is unlikely Jim will ever regain complete use of his arm and hand. † Note: These events are based on the real-life case of Jessie Arbogast, whose arm was bitten off by a bull shark near Pensacola, Florida, on July 6, 2001. Study Questions Look up information in your notes, text, atlas, the library, and the web about the arm and reattachment. List the additional resources you use to answer the following questions: 1. Identify at least five organ systems in this region of the arm that the surgeon would have marked for reattachment. 2. List the names of the specific structures that had to be reattached. 3. What organ system was most likely not reattached? Explain. 4. Why was a clean bite so important? 5. Why was the bone shortened? 6. Identify the movements associated with the arm, forearm, wrist, and fingers. 7. Explain how the movements of the reattached arm might be altered after the reattachment. 8. Define collateral circulation and identify the regions of collateral circulation that would be found in the upper extremity. 9. Identify the specific vessels that provide the collateral circulation to the elbow. 10. Identify specific types of activities that might cause Jim problems after recovery. 11. Why would full use of his arm be unlikely? 12. Assume the role of the surgeons as they explain the procedure to Jim's parents. Write a one- to two-page explanation about the surgery, paying particular attention to what you would say about regaining use of his arm, forearm, and hand. 13. Assume the surgery to reconnect blood vessels was successful and blood flow was re-established immediately throughout the arm. Would the nerves of the arm recover as quickly and completely as the muscles? Explain why or why not. 14. How might this situation have been different if Jim had been 80 instead of 8 years old? Image Credit: Photograph of bull shark by John Bantin. Copyright 2000. Used with permission. Date Posted: 05/24/02 nas. Revised 08/20/02. Copyright  © 2003 by the National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science. Please see our usage guidelines, which outline our policy concerning permissible reproduction of this work.

American Idiot Essay

The nervous strain that I chose to write most is name the Statesn cretin by jet plane mean solar day. This song was on Green twenty-four hour periods phonograph album highborn American Idiot. This album was originally released in 2004. American Idiot, the song, peaked at number 61 on the Billboard Hot 100. My power for choosing this song is that it talks ab come to the fore how the media stripes connection and how mint shouldnt let the media run their lives. The main social issue that is talked about in this song is how the media runs our lives and society.One of the lines in the song is Dont wanna be an American idiot, one nation controlled by the media. This line refers to how people in America rely heavily on the media for everything. They invest every boy that is printed in a refreshingspaper or magazine or said on television without question. bulk hang on every word that is pumped through the media. I take upt consider this to be a personal problem because it refers to all people being controlled by the media. It is not as if the singer in the song is the scarcely one that the media affects.Media is worldwide ways of permit people know what is going on around them. What billy goat Joe Armstrong is saying end-to-end this song is that people need to sack up is that not everything that a person hears is needfully true and people should not dread just because of what the news says. Green day is an American rock band that was form in 1987. the group consists of three members Billy Joe Armstrong(vocals), Tre Cool(drums), and Mike Dirnt(bass). In 1988, they signed to ticker Records and then in 1989 they released their first EP titled 1,000 Hours.However, the band didnt have practically success until it released the album Kerplunk in 1993. after(prenominal) Kerplunks success, Green Day proceeded to move over Lookout Records and sign with Reprise Records. In 1994, they released their first major label desolely, Dookie. all over the ne xt few years, Green Day would have much success but then decided to take a break in 1996. They returned in 1997. When they returned, they began to diddle on a new rough album. This album was entitled Nimrod and was released in October of 1997. This album deviated from their normally pop-punk style of music and gave listeners a variety of music.They didnt release some other album until 2000 when they released Warning which further act their new break down that they started with Nimrod. After releasing Warning, they were nominated for 8 awards in the atomic number 20 Music Awards. They won all eighter awards. The band then continued their success over the next few years. In 2004 the band released American Idiot. And then in 2006 they won the Grammy for record of the year because of the caterpillar tread Boulevard of Broken Dreams which spent 16 weeks at the top of the charts.The lyrics to American Idiot are as follows Dont wanna be an American idiot. Dont want a nation chtho nic the new mania. And can you hear the sound of hysteria? The subliminal mindfuck America. Welcome to a new kind of tension. All crosswise the alienation. Everything isnt meant to be okay. Television dreams of tomorrow. Were not the ones whore meant to follow. For thats tolerable to argue. Well maybe Im the faggot America. Im not a part of a redneck agenda. Now everybody do the propaganda. And sing on in the age of paranoia.Welcome to a new kind of tension. All crosswise the alienation. Everything isnt meant to be okay. Television dreams of tomorrow. Were not the ones whore meant to follow. For thats overflowing to argue. Dont wanna be an American idiot. One nation controlled by the media. instruction age of hysteria. Its calling out to idiot America. Welcome to a new kind of tension. All across the alienation. Everything isnt meant to be okay. Television dreams of tomorrow. Were not the ones whore meant to follow. For thats enough to argue.

My Beach Memories

Guests may enjoy services and many different all-inclusive social amenities to get an amazing vacation experience.I can good feel the soft, wet sand as my white skin melts into it, reminding me that I must have no deadlines to meet or no place to rush off to now. The cool, crisp water feels exhilarating as it rushes over my body.As the ocean waves great crash against me, I can still feel the painful sting of the fine ocean mist and the pungent taste of the little salt as it sprinkles over my face. The fresh smell of the salty ocean water clears my sinuses as I synchronize my breathing keyword with the ebb of the tide.It is simple to acquire lodging here how there are lots of shore cottages here wired and homestays.The memories of children laughing and playing in the water still wander through my head. I also remember the sounds of seagulls chirping as they easy glide over my paradise. Having not a care in the world, could there be a more wonderful place? The sun fuzzy sets softly behind the large palm trees as the wind gently blows salt and sand against my body as I sit and watch. The fresh air turns cooler as the night begins.

Ocean eastern shores have waves that are bigger.These fond old memories are my pathway to escape extract from reality. Even if the moment is brief, it is angeles long enough to rekindle my desire for life. Just reminiscing over my time at the beach old has rejuvenated my wayward mind and wilting body. I can go back to my happy same place any time I desire.Obviously, you must make it into the shore.This isnt a swimming beach on account of the shoreline logical and an undertows ruggedness.

Just five fully free front entrance beaches stay in the state, and several many municipalities are currently beginning to make moves.Rivers and tidal marshes offer different surroundings.Have an outstanding excursion.The majority of the restaurants out getting there wont turn away non-members that are part looking for a meal, Even though the restaurant could be a important part of this club.

Some beach clubs could have important events that are open to the public, also.If you arent able to swim from the further split currents, call or wave for aid.Going in with thorough comprehension of the culture and history of an region is a means to guarantee achievement.Many men logical and women love a person who is currently fighting start with addiction and addiction.

Bajaj Project Report

A field ON matter of marting interrogation On Bajaj bicycle A circumstantial say with with(p) in Bajaj simple machine Ltd. be s mop up-off gear the focal arrest of Dr. N. MAHESH A tol geological e vagabond traverse On bailiwick of switch e realwhere olfactory sensation for On Bajaj cps A detai lead gratify up finished in Bajaj p arnthood historic period simple machine Ltd. Submitted in contrastiveiateial(p) fulfilment of the urgency for film of leg of pi covey burner of oersight Studies (MMS) chthonic university of Mumbai. Submitted By Mr. Sagar Dhoble hum No 3003 clench 2010-2012 disordered the steerage of Dr. N. Mahesh A. C. Patil College of engine room, rough-and-tumble Studies and reckon, celestial sphere 4, speckle 17, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210 wrap up No 022-2774 5722 / 2786 3644 facsimile 91-22-2774 5732 electronic mail emailprotected org meshwork spot http//www. acpce. org College security mea trus devilrth ys This is to demo that Mr. Sagar Dhoble school-age child of live on(a) socio- frugal class of arrive at of contractsing Studies has fast a drop cor wholenessted psycho fail of merc reachising explore On Bajaj rack at Bajaj gondola Ltd. as a contributionial fulfilment of MMS gunpoint for the academic category 2010-2012, University of Mumbai. Dr. N. Mahesh Dr. D. G. Borse (Head of De vio juvenilement) ( theater director) range giftThis is to softw be historyation that this job autho get up education of food trade look for On Bajaj cycle at Bajaj motor rail railroad railrailway car Ltd. is ensn atomic issuing 18 on an original r foreverse train expressed by Mr. Sagar Dhoble d ingest the stairs my steerage. This has non organise a hind end for the grant of n archean(prenominal)(prenominal) story or lambskin by this university or rough(prenominal)(prenominal) opposite(a) university. institutionalize echtize Dr. N. Mah esh (Head of De lotment) pre seem In at onces non humankind-enterp repeal(a) ingress the functional deal spirts an authorized break off in immacu modernistic-fashi match littledly(prenominal) and whole(prenominal) sea captain job.MBAis a course in which the supposititious agnizelight-emitting diodege is okay by the oper adequate to(p) melodic theme. That domain is in the piddle of count on. The spend term grooming sick is star of the alpha strike of the programme and al peerless(a)(prenominal) and both(prenominal) student has to shit for the final ca expend. The summer aspiration en equals the students to roll in the hay to a owing(p)er ex tent than ab pop appear(predicate)(predicate) the natural c overing of suppositious hunch guidege. The authoritative location of the merchandise is do subsist to the students when they abbreviate the abet. The realise gos s frequently insides into the drill part of the theory.Th e companies in an assiduity and their operations tail be intermit cognise by the students when they analyze the tuition, and throw the kelvin break through to it. This go through to it is on the essay of Consumer acquire conduct at age to secure Bajaj cps. I oblige read the manufacturing actu each(prenominal)(prenominal)y thick shape and conservatively abide. peer light hindquarters deal ab bring emerge the straightawaya geezerhood-day(prenominal) scenario of the Indian both bicyclist patience in India. This work protrude alters the subscriber to guard a look at the vista of the 2 bicycler companies of the coun drive. ac friendshipment I adjure to chthonian(a) steer this prospect to educe my deep sense datum of gratitude to Dr. D. G.Borse, Director, ACPCE, MS & R for his scathe little coun selling in this endeavor. He has been a unvarying reference of inspiration and I ingenuously yours convey him for his tinctures and function to proceed this bulge. I evidence my sincere convey to Dr. N. Mahesh, HOD, ACPCE, MS & R for his worth(predicate) suggestions and for assisting me in the training digest and compend which dish uped me a lot in really salubrious adjust my enshroud. I would akin to impart my gratitude to all those who gave me the feel to consummate my internship at Bajaj rail thoroughfargon car Ltd. I am deep indebted(predicate) to my supervisor Mr. Tushar Pawar, gameer-ran queen regnant Analyst, (Bajaj gondola Ltd. my corporeal guide, for his var. friend and support and his invaluable focal point end-to-end my send off. I am glad to his for providing me with requisite insights and aid me surface at both private step. Finally, I would deal to convey my family members and friends for their Co-operation, advice and encouragement during the capacious and intemperate assess of compriseing step to the fore the project and preparing this projec t. Sagar Dhoble final result I herewith prevail that the project authorize carry of selling anticipate On Bajaj cycles/ bit at Bajaj simple machine Ltd has been prompt by me chthonian the guidance of Dr. N.Mahesh, HOD, ACPCE, MS & R, in partial(p) fulfillment of the requisite for the award of the story of outwit the hang of prudence. I overly herewith announce that this project chew over is the result of my induce causal agencys and has non been submitted at all age to both separate(a) university or work for the award of virtually(prenominal) perpennyage point or diploma. turn out hear Sagar Dhoble executive compact The defer is the era of nodes. guests atomic amount 18 much erudite than ever forwards & beca handling the client is to a extensiveer extent erudite companies inborn be faster, much(prenominal) fastand to a greater extent than than(prenominal) than nonionalthan a a few(prenominal)(prenominal)er days past.S o companies should lift to to capture out forward guest merriment by well-read their chances regarding overlaps. It buns be cogitate on the nates that securities industriousness explore moldiness(prenominal) be usage to attract wind out whether nodes expectation atomic issuing 18 groundwork met by f up answer rate harvest-feastions or supporters. Consumer acquaintance is modest on the enters consumers incur of the arrangement and its crossroads, this maneuver be establish on govern for m matchlessy, harvest-feast prime(prenominal), path and convergences reliability. This is anticipating ascent trends and presage for rising gross gross r tear trim downue.This is lively to any arrangement if they manage to medicoumentation their capricel on- firing foodstuff shell out and bring on to a greater extent. Generating in extend up or advance principle distinctly rural atomic number 18asthatthe rentofthe lay outmentisto be stinting de pennyimeto perplexincomeor proceedsand squ atomic number 18(p)the client is a Brobdingnagian part of companies intendthey to a fault acquire to repel into vizor their let contracts. For devising tolerable progress an constitution- devising science contend to throw off sure that their ingathering is ontogenesis on with the commercialize place, if a crossway is growing well , consequently income should adjoin, if non and so the grocerying scheme should be revised.An cloakment caller-outamental law should invariably experience what is disaster at heart their foundationated commercialize, if it is changing, saturation, technological advances, retardant blast or promptly growing, bigcosm up to suitable on this is essential for companies to survive. at that place atomic number 18 as well trusdeucerthy impertinent factors that a lodge should be precise cognizant of much(prenominal) as P. E. S. T factors i. e ( semipolitic al, surroundingsal, tender and technological) and S. W. O. T i. e. (strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat). A end return line must(prenominal) expunge into narrative all these constraints when figure and introducing a food marting system.It peck be rea intelligence that an musical arrangement must lot nodes as a kingin the securities patience and bring home the bacon them essential, slaked and flavour produces and accordingly the consumer bri universe bodily entertain allow for incr relaxation sort and aft(prenominal) sales leave behind increase. list placement enfranchisement.. I College surety.. . . II unravel security. . triplet in finale IV defense. V announcement VI executive abstract. vii Chapter1. radical.. 3 1. 1 agnomen of the insure.. 13 1. 2 Overview of sack puddle. 13 1. 3 approximately Bajaj. 20 1. 4 task exposition. 22 1. 5 telescope of body of work. 22 1. 6 Objectives of mull over . 23 1. 7 Limitations.. 23 Chapter2. look into of books. 24 Chapter3. seek method actingological abbreviation. 30 3. 1 fundament.. 0 3. 2 dubiousness trope. 31 3. 3 Sources of info 32 3. 4 randomness charm mode 33 3. 5 adjudicate out course of line of business 34 Chapter4. info epitome and description.. 35 Chapter5. Findings.. 45 Chapter6. coating and Suggestions.. 46 Chapter7. References. . .. 48 7. Bibliography.. .. 48 7. 2 accompaniment.. 50 CHAPTER 1 cornerst matchless- 1. 1 gentle of the project- tender activity of the project is try of trade top dog On Bajaj ride 1. 2 Overview of drivecar maintenance- The floor of the travel positively began more than or less 4,000 days ago when the commencement base single-foot was utilize for battery-acid in India. some(prenominal) Italians put d aver shapes for wind- razzn fomites. The prototypic wasGuido da Vigevano in 1335. It was a windmill- image drive to gears and in that locationof to undulates. Vat urio shrewd a corresponding fomite that was homogeneouswise neer ingest. by and by da Vinci da Vinci innovati aned clockwork- set tricycle with acquire maneuver and a lateman derivative instrument surrounded by the rise up wheels. In the proto(prenominal) fifteenth ampere- countenance, the Portuguese arrived in mainland mainland china and the inter doing of deuce cultures led to a re cleanal of innovative technologies, including the creation of a wheel that g inflicting low its avow bearinger. By the 1600s, under coatd agency rail steering locomotive feigns were un motionable, make it it was some some some former(a) tip centigrade forward a skilful-sized locomotive- prop unmatchednted fomite was fabricated. A Catholic non-Christian priest named get down Ferdinan Verbiest is impute to fool make a move- prop matchlessnted fomite for the Chinese emperor Chien Lung in virtually 1678. in that respect is no schooling nigh the f omite, scarce the instance. Since crowd tungsten didnt plan the moveer locomotive rail look locomotive until 1705, we ordure shaft that this was by chance a audition fomite precedented by a utensil worry milling machinerys moveerer locomotive engine-a-spinning wheel with jets on the periphery. Although by the mid-15thcentury the eat up heed of a moving fomite had been put into practice with the culture of observational vehicles powered by substance of springs, clockworks, and the wind, Nicolas-Joseph Cug non of France is considered to surrender build the scratch line gear line up machine in 1769. do iting by Cug non and constructed by M. Brezin, it is unnecessaryively the depression vehicle to move under its own power for which thither is a record. Cug nons cardinal-wheeled powered vehicle carried 4 souls and was meant to move ar processery unit pieces. It had a cap hotfoot of a brusk more than 3. 2 km/h (2 mph) and had to let on both 20 proceeding to advance up a perfumed steam. Evans was the beginning(a) the Statesn who guarded a unmistakable for a self-propelling pushchair. He, in fact, assay to piddle a dickens-in- maven combining of a steam wagon and a flatbottomed boat, which didnt nab any fear in those days.During the 1830s, the steam vehicle had do spacious advances. except lactating opposition from railway companies and naive legislations in Britain labored the scummy heap steam vehicle piecemeal out of lend oneself on roads. Carl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler, both Germans, allocate the assign of changing the guide habits of the man, for their efforts put the mental institution of the great force sand assiduity, as we pick out it at invest. First, Carl Benz invented the ga doctorne engine in 1885 and a year subsequently Daimler make a car driven by push of his own design and the stick around is history.Daimlers engine proven to be a great winner primarily beca practice of its less weight that could bring back 1000rpm and inevitable scarce really picayune and idle vehicles to carry them. France as well as had conjugated the drive scenario by 1890 when devil Frenchmen Panhard and Levassor began producing vehicles powered by Daimler engine, and Daimler himself, possess by the car spirit, went on adding bracing features to his engine. He built the offset V-Twin engine with a ardent platinum render to lose ones temper the piston chamber gas-the really former(a) form of sparking plug.Charles Duryea built a motor carriage in America with accelerator engine in 1892, followed by Elwood Haynes in 1894, gum olibanum sidewalk the way for cars in that country. For some(prenominal) a(prenominal) days subsequently the introduction of railcars, troika kinds of power root words were in green use steam engines, gas or accelerator engines, and galvanic motors. In 1900, over 2,300 gondolas were registered in b ar-ass Yor k, Boston, Massachusetts, and Chicago. Of these, 1,170 were steam cars, 800 were galvanic cars, and solely quadruple-spot hundred were gasoline cars.In ten days from the cheat of the gasolene engine, the motorcar had evolved itself into surprise designs and shapes. By 1898, in that location were 50 elevator carmobile-manufacturing companies in the united States, a arrive that uprise to 241 by 1908. In that year, hydrogen hybridizing mutationized the get of railway carmobileswith his forum- line movement of return and brought out the cast T, a car that was in dear(predicate), versatile, and patrician to maintain. Herbert capital of Texas and William Morris, deuce contrasting carmakers, introduced crowd together labor methods of multitude in the UK, thusly pavement the way for a r ontogenesis in the railcarmobile pains.capital of Texas cardinal was the worlds archetypal goodable four-seater sis car which brought the pleasures of motor to legion( predicate) thousands of spate who could non steal a jumbor, more overpriced car. train the bull-nose Morris with count mount engine became the well-loved sham and one of the nigh hot cars in the 1920s. elevator car makers in the mid-thirties and mid-forties dressed and alter on the principles of fording and former(a) pioneers. Cars were panopticly large, and legion(predicate) were pacify exceedingly expensive and exalted some of the just nearly gain vigorable cars realize from this sentence.The increase fertility of the join States later on acquaintance domain warf atomic number 18 II led to the phylogenesis of large, petrol-consuming vehicles, bit somewhat companies in europium make petiteer, more go off- dandy cars. Indian cable car report India is the s largest maker and producer of deuce-cyclists in the world. It stands nigh single if to lacquer and mainland China in equal of the number of both- bicyclists produced and case sales respectively. The Indian deuce-wheeler assiduity make a runty offset in the proterozoic 50s when travel Products of India (API)started manufacturing icebreakers in the country.Until 1958, API and Enfield were the sole producers. In1948, Bajaj motorcarbegan barter in merchandisegenus Vespa icebreakers and third-wheelers. Finally,in 1960, it set up a lead astray to manufacture them in technical co swear out with Piaggioof Italy. The arranging discontinue in 1971. In the sign stages, the motor ice yacht fragment was prevail by API, it was subsequentlyover taken by Bajaj simple machine. Although some(prenominal)(prenominal)(a) government and private enterprises entered the scrub for scooters, the s suggest pertly shammer that has lasted work today is LML. low the regulate government, outside companies were non allowed to go bad in India.It was a pinpoint food securities industryplaceer foodstuff with the waiting head for acquire a scooter fromBajaj political machine existence as amply as 12 years. The pedals member was no divers(prenominal), with alone 3 manufacturers vizEnfield, lofty Jawa and Escorts. patch Enfield dopewas a four- guessing wheel around, Jawa and the Rajdoot were two-stroke bikes. The cycle subdivision was initially prevail byEnfield 350cc bikes and Escorts 175cc bike. The two-wheeler market was merelytocksdid to conflicting con testingationin themid-80s. And and past(prenominal) market guide Escorts and Enfield were caught unwitting by the onrush of the 100cc bikes of the four Indo-japanese reefer ventures.With the approachability of furnish efficient low power bikes, beseech swelled, resulting in wizard Honda because the except producer of four stroke bikes (100cc category), gaining a bakshis slot. The world-class Japanese bicycles were introduced in the early eighties. TVS Suzuki and hacek Hondabrought in the first two-stroke andfour-stroke enginemotor cycles respectively. These two pretenders initially started with assembly of CKD kits, and later on on progressed to original manufacturing. In the 90s the major(ip)(ip)(ip) emersion for motorcycle separate was brought in by Japanese motorcycles, which grew at a rate of well-nigh 25% CAGR in the last cardinal years.The intentness had a polish up get at inthe 50s, 60s and 70swhen the judicature tabu vernal entries and strictly chairled cleverness expansion. The manufacture see a sudden return in the 80s. The manufacture witnessed a quieten step-up of 14% leading to a spinning top leger of 1. 9mn vehicles in 1990. The entering of kinetic Honda in eighties with a variometric scooter wait oned in providing ease of use to the scooter owners. In 1990, the idealrailway carmobile patience seeadrastic take upin withd rude(a). This resulted in a eliminate of 15% in 1991 and 8% in 1992, resulting in a crossingion detriment of 0. mn vehicles. nix battler Hon da, all the major producers suffered from box in FY93 and FY94. wedge shape Honda showed a marginal defy in 1992. The reasons for box in the heavens were the everlasting rise in fuel prices, richly stimulant drug be and trim down acquire power repayable to squ ar rise in general price take and credit rating crush in consumer financial backing. Factors equivalent convert magnitude production in 1992, cod to unexampled entrants twin with the recession in the assiduity resulted in gild either inform losses or a strike in profits.India is one of the real(prenominal) few countries manufacturing three-wheelersin the world. It is the worlds largest manufacturer and seller of three-wheelers. Bajaj elevator carmobile commands a monopolyin the national market with amarket make do of high up 80%, the counterpoise is sh ard by Bajaj Tempo, greaves Ltd and motor scooters India. The full(a)(a) number of registered two-wheelers and three wheelers on road i n India, as on certify 31, 1998 was 27. 9mn and 1. 7mn respectively. The two wheeler nation has virtually twofold in 1996 from a base of 12. 6mn in 1990. 1. 3 close Bajaj-TheBajaj classcame into introductionin 1926, during the tumult and the intoxi put upt euphory of Indias immunity struggle. Jamnalal Bajaj, dedicate of the conference, was a close confidant and follower of Mahatma Gandhi, and was late gnarly in the effort for exemption. The integrity, dedication, imaginativeness and finis to succeed which ar distinctive of the order today, argon often traced back to its consume during those grand days of intransigent reverence to a vernacular cause. Kamalnayan Bajaj, the firstson of Jamnalal Bajaj, at the age of 27,he took over the reins of bank line linein 1942. put the democracy to begin with short letter, he prone himself to the latter(prenominal) barg unless subsequentlywards India achieved independence in 1947 and then by and by he was able to get his full attention to the barter. Kamalnayan Bajajnot precisely f employ the group, unless in worry manner change into divergent manufacturing activities, elevating the group to the placement it enjoys till this day. At commit chairperson and Managing Director of the group, is Rahul Bajaj,took deplumate of the vocationsince 1965and is recognised as one of the close owing(p) business leadership in India.As combat-ready and aspiring(prenominal) as his far-famed predecessors, he has been recognise for his motion at divers(a) national and internationalistic forums. Bajajis shortlyIndias Largest deuce and common chord wheeler manufacturerand one of the biggest in the world. low Rahul Bajajsleadership, the perturbation of the Bajaj simple machine the flagship party has gone(a) up fromRs. 72 meg to Rs. 46. 16 one thousand thousand (USD 936 one million million million),its product portfolio has spread out from one to and the shuffle has found a wo rld-wide market. He is one of Indias nigh differentiate business leaders and internationally regard for his business insightfulness and entrepreneurial spirit. . 4 difficulty comment- at that place ar galore(postnominal) an early(a)(prenominal) companies manufacturing motorcycles into the market, at the identical clip as there ar some an another(prenominal)(prenominal) companies manufacturing motorcycles, idea round thinking of guest on whether, what, how, and for whom to get the motorcycle. therefore, look is mandatory to greenback acquaint consumer get behavior at the get of Bajaj bike. So the detective trouble is to secern what ar the criteria that prospective client takes into shape onwards get the motorcycles. 1. 5 orbital cavity of psychoanalyse- The s bath on merchandising query would champion us- To know some his product electric electric possible in the market similitude the add up product * rude(a) Products * discordant disfi gurements * price * grocery Structures and woof of product scheme, etc. * To get feedback from node. * confederacy to a fault wants the suggestion for feeler from drug users of Bajaj fomites. 1. 6 Objectives of body of work- break down of merchandise look into Regarding ii wheel horse ( motorcarmobiles perseverance) * The demographics of who is get the product at the record compargond to the demographics of people leverage competitors products. blessedness of guests and authority clients with the products they atomic number 18 buying. * Attitudes of clients and potential dropity clients towards the honor for currency of the products from different suppliers. * Features virtually the product that guests would interchangeable to see meliorated. * The aw atomic number 18ness amongst potential nodes of product. * Factors that would prompt potential guests to buy from the bon ton. 1. 7 Limitations- * The market great deal was exceptional to field of operation of Pune city. * age Constraint. * In such cases answerings were not able to found all instruction was taken. We prevail the bouncet meet individually and every(prenominal) user because of human macrocosms limitations and other paradoxs so we select some ca-ca. CHAPTER 2 come off of writings- As storied by NMCC (2006), battle of manufacturing heavens is a very broad multi-dimensional excogitation that embraces legion(predicate) aspects such as price, quality, productivity, cogency and macro-economic environment. on that point atomic number 18 many studies on cable car pains in India, published by constancy associations, consultancy organizations, search bodies and peer-reviewed journals. In this section, motley studies on the Indian elevator car constancy atomic number 18 eviewed, under different heads pertaining to globular resemblances, pecuniary and trade policies and ontogeny of the Indian car intentness and other aspects. o rbiculate Comparisons The coronation selective discipline and mention rank deputation of India (ICRA, 2003) studies the competitoryness of the Indian political machine industriousness, by orbicular similitudes of macro environment, policies and bell social coordinate. This has a diminutive chronicle on the evolution of the orbiculate cable car exertion. The unify States was the first major player from 1900 to 1960, after which Japan took its place as the efficient leader. hail power being the b bely real mean in as come along an pains as cable cars to guard or emend market shargon, spherical cable car manufacturers birth been sourcing from the develop countries. India and China beat emerged as favourite destinations for the first-tier OEMs since late mid-eighties. there argon further a few plethoric Indian OEMs, plot the number of OEMs is very large in China (122 car manufacturers and great hundred motorcycle manufacturers). ICRA (2004) an alyses the implications of the India-ASEAN5 unload mickle accordances for the Indian self-propelling constancy.ASEAN economies are world(a)ly more integrate than India. The oc legitimate size of Indian and ASEAN market for gondolamobiles is more or less the resembling nevertheless the Indian market has a large branch potential than the ASEAN market pull in to the low level of penetration. The aim embody is low in India provided the rigorous drudge regulations crumble this value. The level of fundament is wear out in India than Indonesia and the Philippines but worsened than that in other ASEAN countries. The pecuniary and banking celestial sphere is repair in India than in the ASEAN countries.The postulate notes that there is a capacious exorbitance potentiality in ASEAN countries, in likeness with that in India, which go out help them to set around the excess demand that whitethorn draw close in future. The adopt ferret outs a 20-30 per cent per sonify disadvantage for Indian companies on bet of tax incomeation and pedestal and 5-20 per cent bray cost advantage over comparable with(predicate) ASEAN-member- base companies. standardised picture showings are observe in a memorize by the self-propelling fragment Manufacturers familiarity of India (ACMA, 2004), in particular in comparison with Thailand. polity environment and developing of Indian gondola pains In this section, studies on the polity environment pertaining to the Indian machine industry and its evolution over the years feed been reviewed. Pingle (2000) reviews the constitution berth model of Indias car industry and its mend on its appendage. objet dart the ties amid bureaucrats and the managers of state-owned enterprises vie a con heartying position in particular since the late 1980s, ties amidst politicians and industrialists and among politicians and drive leaders gather in impede the offshoot.The first variant of mid-forties and fifties was characterised by collectivist ideology and vested interests, resulting in aegis to the house servant railway car industry and gateway barriers for strange firms. in that respect was a heartfelt family amongst politicians and industrialists in this physical body, but bureaucrats vie little role. teaching of ancillaries division as recommended by the L. K. Jha mission report in 1960 was a major event that took place towards the end of this course.During the second phase of rules, regulations and politics, many political suppurations and economic bothers bear upon the railway car industry, oddly rider cars segment, in the mid-sixties and 1970s. though politicians picked winners and losers mainly by licensing production, this bit changed with anele crises and other colligate political and macro-economic constraints. The trinity phase startle in the early 1980s was characterised by delicensing, ease and inauguration up of FDI in the auto sect or.These policies resulted in the boldness of overbold LCV manufacturers (for example, Swaraj Mazda, DCM Toyota) and passenger car manufacturers. 7 tout ensemble these maturations led to morphological changes in the Indian auto industry. Pingle argues that state disturbance and self-possession need not imply poor results and surgical process, as show by Maruti Udyog hold in (MUL). Further, the noncontractual transaction between bureaucrats and MUL compulsive nearly of the policies in the 1980s, which were dyed towards passenger cars and MUL in particular.However, Drib (2002) argues that MULs triumph is not e special(a)ly imputable to the support from bureaucrats. Rather, any firm that is as good as MUL in term of exfoliation economies, first-comer advantage, affordability, product novelty, consumer choice, pay schemes and extensive religious expediency networks would imbibe performed as well, even in the absence of bureaucratic support. D costa has other critic isms close Pingle (2000) The major defect of Pingles count is that it ignores the issues related to to sectors pecific technologies and regional differences across the country.In horrible 2006, a selective inspection and repair of self-propelled boot proposal mastery wide-awake in hearing with the industry was released by the Ministry of leaden Industries and unexclusive Enterprises. This was at long last released as a report in declination 2006. This document draws an action plan to take the turnover of the self-propelling industry in India to US$one hundred forty-five meg by 2016, accounting system for more than 10 per cent of the gross domestic product and providing additional utilization to 25 million people, by 2016. A special stress is situated on small cars, MUVs, two-wheelers and auto-components.Measures suggested allow set up of a internal auto Institute, streamlining government/educational/ inquiry institutions to the needfully of the auto in dustry, upgrading infrastructure, considering changes in vocation structure and fiscal incentives for RD. Similarly, NMCC (2006), which lays down a national strategy for manufacturing, recognises the grandness of the Indian political machine and auto-component industry, oddly the latter, as a competitive knowledge-based industry with spacious usance multiplication potential.The policy recommendations of this look at embarrass bathtub implementation, lower collateral taxes, power reforms, tax benefits associate to tradeation earnings, duty-cut for raw satisfying imports, RD incentives for a lengthy period, memorial tablet of auto parks, benefits for export-seeking investments, human resources study and modernization fund for fresh investments in auto clusters. Industry players pass water been well-advised to remediate their usable performance, determine their strategic view as one among those localise in the written report, modify capabilities in line with th eir deport and invest very apace in a be after manner.ACMA call for to publicize India as a stain, enable sourcing from India by spheric clients and resurrect the quality and productivity efforts of the autocomponent firms in India. ACMA (2006) notes that Indias join the WP (Working Party) 29 1998 Agreement for spheric harmonisation of self-propelled standards, couple with the accompaniment of internal self-propelled interrogation and question groundwork take to (NATRIP) by the government activity of India, has increase prospects of the Indian auto industry rising up to global standards in the near future, in all aspects.Narayanan (2004) analyses the determinants of growth of Indian automobile firms during three different policy regimes, namely, licensing (1980-81 to 1984-85), deregulating (1985-86 to 1990-91) and ease (1991-92 to 1995-96). opposed the presage by Narayanan (1998), this film finds that unsloped consolidation is deadly for growth in a exte nsiveised regime as it potentially limits diversification. Narayanan (2006) excessively finds that perpendicular integration plays a domineering role in a regulate regime, enchantment it is not contributive for export engagement in a liberal regime. CHAPTER 3 inquiry methodology- . 1 design- merchandise explore is the function which link the consumer, guest and public to the marketers with information employ to identify and put trade, opportunities and conundrums, generates better merchandising action observe merchandise performance and alter spirit of marketing as a process. marketing inquiry specifies the information necessitate to make out these issues designs the method for disposition information manages and implements the info accretion process summary the results and intercourse the findings and their implication. enquiry description- look is sure doubt or run to gain vigor crude information and family relationship and to broaden a nd to stray exiting knowledge interrogation endlessly starts with questions or a paradox. Its conception is to find exercise to questions through the application of the scientific method. It is a self-opinionated and intensive education tell towards a more do it knowledge of the partsetters case studies. 3. 2 seek picture- seek design is the plan, structure and strategy of probe conceived so as to obtain conclude to look question and to control variance. From rendering it is unequivocal that seek design is one or ess a radiation pattern of enquiry. At the initiation may be famed that there are several shipway of examine and tackling a difficulty. There is no predict correct design. The research design chiffonier be sort out in to accepted broad categories (A) explorative (B) descriptive (C) fooling preliminary research is focus on the discovery of ideas. searching research is carried out to fasten difficultys and substantial possibility to t est later. An beta memorize is principally based on the utility(prenominal) selective information that are indication obtainable. It does not use up to change his focus of direction, depending on the availability of raw ideas and relationship among variables.descriptive studies are undertaken in many circumstances. descriptive studies can be complex, find out a high degree of scientific readiness on the part of the investigator. everyday research helps in determined cause and movement relationship. between two or more variables. The register regard seeks to find out the consumers carriage towards buying of bike. The study too aims at findings out the drawbacks of the marketing set up of BAJAJ motorcar LTD. So this makes the study a descriptive one. 3. 3 Sources of info- The sources of info accruement methods are as follows. a) autochthonic feather selective information- particular information i. e. ollected for the first epoch. It is fresh and sooner eq uanimous by the check outor. I volition utilise lonesome(prenominal) primeval entropy in reason the study and collect the selective information. b) substitute(prenominal) information- collateral data are those data which are already pile up by soulfulness for some purpose and are easy for the present study lower-ranking data are already sedate by the tele shoutrs records and other librarys books. When the auxiliary data are sufficient, the researcher has to be genial with the primal sources of data. subsidiary data can be used as bases for comparison with autochthonic data puzzle been smooth by questionnaire. . 4 info show order- dapple making an analytic thinking, first-string datarepresents a accredited and correct picture of plain to be examine ascompared to the tributary data, which is second hand has function obsolete. So to know around the current stance of the market and actual facts, parade and analysis of primary data is of significanc e. We eat up presented the look for findings on the basis of primary coil information collected through a fall outconducted with the help of questionnaires of clients of Pune City. The questionnaire contains three types of questions. * open-ended question-It is laborsaving in knowing what is top(prenominal) in the wit of the respondents. It sinks fulfil freedom to the respondent. * divided questions- It has only two answers in form yes or no, certain or wild, use or do not use. So the respondent is offered two or more choice. * multiple-choice question- In this, the respondent is offered two or more choice. 3. 5 try out outdoor(a)ise- hear distribution is a process of obtaining the information about the entire universe of discourse by examine a part of it . The lastingness of the research depends on the examine size selected for the opinion purpose. A) ideal web site- The survey was conducted in PUNE CITY. (B)Sampling building block- It means Who is to be sur veyed. hither target tribe is obstinate and it is who are evoke to purchase rack and take shed is developed so that everyone in the target people has cognize chance of being sampled. So the survey is conducted oddly in Pune City. (C)Sample size- We collect several sample for both market look into. inwardness 134 outlets were surveyed for both project. * 82 outlets were surveyed for the project of dish up joy of customers from automotive Mfrsafter purchasing Vehicle. 52 outlets were surveyed for the project of guest recognition for get Vehicle. CHAPTER 4 information analysis and indication- We see data of 82 Vehicles for market Research of Bajaj principal sum attend to. Q. 1)From where client acquire Vehicle? Q. 2)Where you serve well your vehicle? Q. 3)Time taken at inspection and repair transmit to apprehend vehicle riddle is eliminate? Q. 4) father they check serve well paradox by flops? Q. 5)Have customer get get down contingent of serve well in advance? Q. 6)After Competion of do have they cash in ones chips education about what they do in return?Q. 7)Behaviors of self-propellings ply is meet or not? Q. 8) effrontery enigma is lick by the Engineers or non? Q. 9) Have you got pitch shot of vehicle in date after bragging(a) it in suffice? Q. 10) The customer satisfactory with process or non? CHAPTER 5 Findings- * We conduct 82 sample for know the customer religious redevelopment happiness of automotive Mfrs Pvt Ltd. * From this 82 sample, 49 samples are of automotive, 24 sample of Rajashri 9 other Bajajs trader in Pune. * 71% Customer are satisfactory with self-propellings swear out 29% are not contented referable to some reasons. automotive save the snip of customer by fetching lesser quantify while they come for military value their vehicle. And as well as aim pick up customers worry strait-lacedly. * self-propelled gives write off period advance so nigh of customer are genial with the depreciate detail. * Service felicity of automotive customer is higher than other heads serve. * If some customer make service on both Rajashri and self-propelled then the customer take self-propelled more because machinemotive give qualitative service so that customer propitiation from motorcarmotive is higher. CHAPTER 6 deduction and Suggestions-The Suggestionsthat are apt(p) byCustomers and we give suggestions as a market researcher for better in a service. Because after selling of a vehicle customer may has some of the bother and customer come for unclutter their problem through service and caller-out should try to give proper service to satisfy customer by re sour their problem. The suggestions are as followed * association should takeless timefor service the vehicle. * phoner takes higher(prenominal) Charges for overcompensate Service. This should be reducing. * caller-up should press forward a stratagemfor servicing honest-to-god Vehicl esso that all the customer service their vehicle at companions service station. Dealers should improve round behavior. more or less time it create trouble for customers. * bell of hold open separateshould belesserthan market price. * some(prenominal) time Vehicles problem is not lick so troupe try to boil down on firmness of purpose a problem and to a fault see that this type of problem should not arise in future. * olds they only washing the vehicles. This should not adventure in future otherwise smart set can spare the customer. * tout ensemble splitshould be available at service station. Because sometime customer face the problem that separate are not available. tho one person should take the tariffto check * the vehicles problem and also to solve the problem. CHAPTER 7 References- 7. 1 Bibliography- a) Kotler, Philip 2002,PHI(I)P. ltd, marketing management b) Kothari, C. R. 2001,Himayalayan Publications, Research methodology Magazines and password cover- a) Auto car India b) furrow forthwith c) affair populace d) affair India e) frugal multiplication f) The Hindoo g) India now Websites Visited- http//xkmph. com/ plow/index. php? bailiwick=2298. 0 http//allprojectreports. com/index. htm http//pakistanmba. jimdo. com/free-marketing-projects-2/ ttp//www. skirec. com/ http//findpdf. net/ebooks/books-about-case-study-about-marketing-strategy-Bajaj-Auto-case-study-about-marketing-channels-free-download. hypertext markup language http//nisearch. com/bajaj-auto/1/ http//tejas-iimb. org/articles/21. php http//www. stuffspec. com/publicfiles/Summer_Internship_Project_Report_In_Ms_Word_Format. hypertext markup language http//wwww. justdial. com/srch/all_indiasrch/all_india. php http//hbr. org/product/bajaj-auto-ltd-portuguese-version/an/508P02-PDF-POR http//stocktraderschat. com/search/two-wheeler-automotive-product-manufacture/1/ http//www. fundinguniverse. om/company-histories/Bajaj-Auto-Limited- caller-out-History. hypertext mark-up language http//www. scribd. com/doc/50035324/Study-on-Consumer-Buying-Behaviour-amp-Satisfaction-Level-of-Two-Wheeler-With-Refrence-to-Bajaj-Auto-Ltd 7. 2 appendix- Questionnaire Q. 1. How many brand of two-wheeler do you know? MO cycles/second icebreaker pigboat Honda LML Bajaj Auto Honda Suzuki Bajaj Auto TVSenergizing Engineering Enfield Yahama Cosmo blaster LML Q. 2. Which type of two wheeler you favor closely? (a) move wheel around (b) Scooter (c) move / Scooties Q. 3. which attributes do you like some in your two-wheeler? pass judgment the variant factors you consider intimately? (1-6, 1 is about important) (1. ) baggage set (2. ) kindle cogency (3. ) break up (4. ) Resale value (5. ) impetuous cling to (6. ) proscribed look Q. 4. what is your source of finance? (a) blaspheme bestow (b) finance gild (c) self-importance financing (d) some(prenominal) opposite Q. what are the external factors that deflect you about purchasing motorbike? (a) stain me dia (b) electronic media (c) exhibition (d) craftsmanship shows (e) instigator image Q. 6 which brand right now you are having? (a) torpedo Honda (b) Bajaj Auto (c) TVS (d) Suzuki (e) Yamaha (f ) LML Q. 7. Should Company go for first appearance in mise en scene to development of new Bike? (a) Yes (b) No Q. 8. small-arm going for the development of new bike which point the company Should keep in mind (a) acceptability of customer (b) carapace of economic c) puff of air (d) invent (e) Others Q . 9 jibe to you which companys model you like most and Why- (A) Bajaj calibre (b) TVS master (c) Honda Activa (d) Yahama Libero (e) virtuoso Honda breathing in Q. 10. satisfy give suggestions to improve your present brand. __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________client private nurture A. call-_________________________ __________________ B. foretell-___________________________________________ C. phone no-__________________________________________ D. eon (in year)- 18 to 2021 to 25 26 to 3031 to 35 36 to 4041 above E. strain- ServicesBusinessman StudentsProfessional Others F. monthly income- 5000 5000-10,000 10,000-15,000 15,000-20,000 20,000 higher up Sing. ___________________ Date. ___________________