Surviving on Green Energy Essay Example for Free

Making due on Green Energy Essay The relationship of people and petroleum derivatives can be seen as a solid and restricting one that can possibly end when another gathering stops to exist. The people have settled and have been relying intensely upon non-renewable energy sources, and tragically, petroleum products don't appear to respond the inclination. Non-renewable energy sources, in contrast to people, will stop to exist soon, and this flight is gradually felt as gas costs are soaring high in the oil advertise. Our reliance on non-renewable energy sources is significantly prove by the advancements that we have built up that require the results of petroleum products for them to work. The transportation, apparatus, and machines are only two or three the innovation that we have made to make our lives simpler and to make correspondence accessible all through the world; non-renewable energy sources make their reality conceivable. In any case, the presence of these innovations was under the reason that their vitality sources are boundless. Deplorably, petroleum products are not inexhaustible wellsprings of vitality, and it is just a short time before we feel the genuine outcome of their cutoff points. Subsequently, it is significant that we get the chance to discover elective wellsprings of vitality that are inexhaustible and whose accessibility is boundless, as sun based force, geothermal vitality, wind vitality, hydropower, and biomass. Getting by on efficient power vitality or elective vitality sources isn't just safe for the earth, but on the other hand is modest and accessible for an exceptionally significant time-frame. Nonrenewable wellsprings of vitality are those sources that can't be reused and can be drained, for example, non-renewable energy sources and instances of this are oil, flammable gas, and coal (Chapter 8: Fossil Fuels Coal, Oil and Natural Gas). They are called petroleum products on the grounds that as per research, they were shaped from animals like microscopic fishes, or diatoms whose bodies were protected through overwhelming sedimentation with their energies flawless (Chapter 8: Fossil Fuels Coal, Oil and Natural Gas). The reliance of people on petroleum products can be seen on the American’s day by day utilization of one of its structures, oil. Oil is a fundamental item for the individuals who own vehicles, pontoons, planes, and some other method of transportation, to those whose organizations rely upon it as a crude material, among numerous others. As indicated by the Petroleum Basic Statistics site, the United States of America expends a normal of 20,680,000 barrels of oil regular (Petroleum Basic Statistics). This shows how much ward this nation is to nonrenewable vitality, and subsequently ought to before long locate an alternate methods for vitality source before petroleum derivatives become exhausted. The mix of the overwhelming utilization of oil, the taking off costs of oil on the planet advertise, and the constrained wellsprings of this ware provoked some unmistakable political figures to recommend the lifting of the restriction on seaward boring. This is on the grounds that they offer seaward penetrating as a response to the significant expenses and the constrained wellsprings of petroleum derivatives. Be that as it may, seaward boring represents a great deal of danger not exclusively to the earth, yet additionally to the flow fiscal state of the nation. Most importantly, seaward penetrating is destructive to the earth on various sensible records. The making of oil rigs in the sea will involve unearthing the earth and in the process will upset the characteristic living space of the ocean animals on account of the disintegration, kelp bed, beach front, and reef harm (The Case against Offshore Oil). The innovation being utilized in identifying oil stores is a seismic analyzer that discharges sound waves with 260 decibel levels, enough to cause mind draining, confusion, and grounding in dolphins and whales (Offshore Drilling †It’s NOT the Answer to High Gas Prices at the Pump). Oil isn’t the main component that is discharged all the while, mercury, lead, and other radioactive material are likewise discharged (Offshore Drilling †It’s NOT the Answer to High Gas Prices at the Pump). The danger of oil slicks in these oil rigs is additionally risky to the prosperity of the ocean animals for it can cause conceptive difficulties (The Case against Offshore Oil). On the off chance that in all honesty, if oil slicks do happen, which is consistently conceivable, the occasion have the most awful, ruinous impact on nature. When eaten up by creatures, oil can cause demise and other serious physiologic impacts (The Effects of Oil on Wildlife). The ecological ruin doesn't stop there. The contamination that the machines add to the earth during their activity is additionally fundamentally risky. Nonetheless, regardless of the entirety of the second thoughts made by the naturalists, the administration would not surrender. This is likewise why there have been autonomous individuals who have begun their own undertakings in the zone of investigating about diminishing vitality utilization and making and utilizing elective wellsprings of vitality. Vitality protection is an accessible alternative to all individuals who might need to help in the battle towards diminishing the inescapable exhaustion of non-renewable energy sources. Different proposals are shared by earthy people on the web relating to reducing vitality utilization. Individuals are advised to buy innovation that are greater condition cordial, stroll rather than drive, or just killing apparatuses that are not being used. Rebuilding houses with glass dividers to give the daylight access during the day is an incredible method to diminish light utilization. Be that as it may, these tips can't represent the drawn out issue. Regardless of whether we can hinder the expected exhaustion of nonrenewable vitality sources, it would even now be a pointless endeavor to offer vitality to the following ages to come. Arrangements of arrangements are being advanced by researchers and tree huggers today. One proposed thought that could be conceivable as a response to the vitality emergency is to take advantage of sustainable power sources or elective vitality sources (Offshore Drilling †It’s NOT the Answer to High Gas Prices at the Pump). Geothermal vitality, wind vitality, sun powered vitality, Biomass and hydropower are the five most created sustainable power sources that are accessible (Renewable Energy). Warmth discharged from the earth is being used as geothermal vitality by direct use, geothermal warmth siphons and power (Geothermal Energy). Essentially, geothermal vitality is the warmth that is being discharged from the underground aquifers, springs, among numerous others. The pleasant thing about the use of geothermal vitality as a sustainable power source is that it little effect on nature contamination shrewd and on the grounds that the greater part of the springs have been moved toward parks, they are secured by the constitution (Geothermal Energy from the Earths Core). The main drawback geothermal vitality has is that it just discharges pretty much nothing, so it can just gracefully at a constrained sum each time (Geothermal Energy from the Earths Core). From heat being discharged by the earth, the following efficient power vitality accessible for use is wind power. Wind is all over the place; it never runs out, it is the most seasoned vitality wellspring of all as confirm by the famous windmills being utilized a hundred years back. We can see a ton of windmills and wind turbines the nation over, and there are even wind ranches being set up due to the extraordinary vitality commitment wind is prepared to do (Chapter 16: Wind Energy). With incredible bit of leeway to us, wind power is as of now utilized in lighting homes in California. Then again, a drawback of utilizing wind power is its known aggravation in the transient examples of winged animals (Wind Energy from Moving Air). It could influence their bearings and their characteristic living spaces. In any case, in any case, wind power is basically helpful. From wind we go to another article found in the sky, the sun. Sun powered vitality is vitality delivered by the sun, and can be changed into usable vitality by method of sun oriented cells and sunlight based force plants (Solar Energy from the Sun). The main issue with sun powered vitality is additionally the main explanation it gives us vitality, the sun. Since the sun isn't reliably sparkling above us, consequently evening time, we can't expand its utilization for the entire day. In addition, climate changes happen once in a while, which can likewise adjust the impact of sun powered vitality all through its utilization (Solar Energy from the Sun). Other than climate unsettling influences that are normally happening, sun based vitality doesn't meddle with the earth in any conceivable manner. From the sparkling daylight we continue to regular, physiological waste, Biomass. Biomass is for the most part comprised of natural material gotten from living or as of late living beings (What is BIOMASS? ). Virgin wood, food squander, vitality crops, modern waste, and agrarian deposits are the crude materials being utilized for creating Biomass (What is BIOMASS? ). This is likewise an astounding efficient power vitality elective source in light of the fact that the crude materials expected to deliver this vitality can be found anyplace and all over the place. It uses squander items, henceforth, less garbage and contamination. Its utilization can drop down carbon dioxide emanations, give 15% of the requests of power in 2020 in industrialized nations, and can give 400,000 employments (Biomass Energy). Also, similar to some other wellspring of vitality, Biomass has its own weakness. Using Biomass involves the allotment of land for its creation communities. Also, if this implies more ranch of Biomass for its use, more land will be spent as opposed to dispensing this land for food creation (Global Limits of Biomass Energy). Last however surely not the least is hydropower or water vitality. Hydropower holds onto the vitality of falling water and changes it into power (How Hydropower Works). In any case, conditions must be met for this vitality change to happen. The stature of the cascades and the amount of water that is falling is to be considered (How Hydropower Works). The water falls ought to be sufficiently high and it ought to be discharging a specific measure of water for it to deliver enough vitality (How Hydropower Works). It appears that of all the five efficient power vitality sources, hydropowe

Barron V Baltimore

Among the first choices passed on by the United States Supreme Court, some offered constraints to the intensity of the Federal government, others developed the privileges of the Federal government, and still others separated between the forces conceded to the Federal government versus the forces allowed to the individual states.It is among this last gathering the choice in Barron v. Baltimore has a place, as it was a conclusive second for the court to unmistakably remark on the partition of guidelines saved for the states just as the guidelines all the more fittingly allocated the Federal government. Chosen in 1833, the choice is sweeping and keeps on affecting American law and society in the present day.Although the choice in Barron v. Baltimore impacts principally the Fifth Amendment, the entry of the Fourteenth Amendment develops both the understanding of the Fifth Amendment just as the holding in Barron v.Baltimore. The significant player for this situation, John Barron, was a wharf proprietor in the territory of Maryland. Barron delighted in a beneficial venture using the most profound waters on the shore of Baltimore, until exercises by the city started to affect his business. In 1815, Barron asserted that the City of Baltimore â€Å"diverted the progression of streams while participating in road construction†, making â€Å"mounds of sand and earth close to his wharf, making the water unreasonably shallow for most vessels†.(Wikipedia, 2007) Because it was the exercises of the city of Baltimore that affected his exchange and not regular disintegration, Barron felt lawfully off-base and brought suit against the city looking for harms for loss of business because of his boats not having the option to stream unreservedly into and out of his wharf because of diminished profundity of water. The City of Baltimore couldn't help contradicting the claims of John Barron, and rather expressed in court that they were essentially directing the exercises important to keep up their city just like their right.According to the primary volume of the American Law Encyclopedia, Baltimore, as a city, was modernizing in 1815, and their updates included â€Å"building banks, evaluating streets, and clearing streets†. (American Law Encyclopedia, 2007) Because those modernization exercises included occupying little conduits, and in light of the fact that a progression of normal rainstorms filled those occupied conduits with earth, the progression of water prompted the development of sediment at the exhausting area of the conduits, which was the wharf claimed by John Barron.A nearby court, after hearing the case, found that Barron had without a doubt been wronged by the City of Baltimore, and granted harms in the measure of $4500, to make up for business lost. The City of Baltimore was significantly disappointed by this choice, in that it showed that they had intentionally taken utilization of the land (water) possessed by Barron and ut ilized without remuneration, when, truth be told, the filling of his wharf with residue was a tragic side-effect of modernization exercises being directed inland.Upon claim, â€Å"a Maryland re-appraising court reversed† and along these lines the pendulum swung back to Barron to push the case ahead. (American Law Encyclopedia, 2007) Barron did as such by speaking to the United States Supreme Court, who heard the case on a writ of mistake. The choice passed on by the United States Supreme Court on account of Barron v. Baltimore spoke to one of the primary events of audit for the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. As per the site entitled Common Sense Americanism, â€Å"the essential inquiry under the watchful eye of the Court was whether the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution could be made to apply to the states†. At the point when composed and endorsed not long after the Constitution was itself composed and sanctioned, the Amendments were generall y comprehended to apply to the Federal government and its activities and reach, as the activities and reach of the State governments were accommodated by the Tenth Amendment just as state enactment. In any case, on account of Barron v. Baltimore, Barron tried to have the Fifth Amendment cross applied to have a nearby element considered responsible to the equivalent standards.The segment of the Fifth Amendment so profoundly applicable to this case states â€Å"nor will private property be taken for open use, without just compensation†. (U. S. Const. , Amend. V) The choice by the neighborhood court plainly believed that by relegating pay, the Fifth Amendment was along these lines fulfilled; the state court differ in expressing that the Fifth Amendment didn't make a difference. The United States Supreme Court held just that â€Å"Barron had no case against the state under the Bill of Rights on the grounds that the Bill of Rights doesn't have any significant bearing to the state s†.(McBride, 2006) The justification utilized by the court in arriving at this dull resolution was clarified by McBride, saying that the inhabitants of the Constitution applied distinctly to the legislature the Constitution makes †that is, the Federal government. Since state governments had been managed the option to make singular state Constitutions, they need rather be held to the gauges made inside those records. In a choice composed by Chief Justice Marshall, the case is excused for need of locale, on the grounds that similar confinements and obligations allocated the Federal Government are â€Å"not material to the enactment of the States†.(Barron v. Baltimore, 1833) The holding of Barron v. Baltimore stays relevant to the current day in view of the point of reference set in isolating the obligations of the state and Federal governments. In McCulloch v. Maryland, the point of reference set constrained the capacity of a state government to force limitations on the Federal government. In Gibbons v. Ogden, the point of reference set constrained the pretended by state governments in interstate trade, saving those forces rather to the Federal government. In any case, in Barron v.Baltimore, a choice composed by a similar Chief Justice as the two earlier cases, the point of reference appeared to contrast, in that as opposed to forcing a Federal norm and Federal activities upon neighborhood networks, the Court rather recognized state and Federal powers and expressed that the activities of a nearby substance couldn't be held to similar gauges set for a Federal element. Thirty-five years after the choice rendered in Barron v. Baltimore, the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed.The first arrangement of this correction firmly emulated the Fifth Amendment, yet strikingly leaving off the last wording with respect to pay for utilization of land. While the Fifth Amendment states â€Å"no individual shall†¦be denied of life, freedom, or property, without fair treatment of law; nor will private property be taken for open use, without just compensation†, the Fourteenth Amendment states â€Å"No State shall†¦deprive any individual of life, freedom, or property, without fair treatment of law; nor deny to any individual inside its ward the equivalent insurance of the laws†. So while the holding in Barron v.Baltimore in the long run affected the production of the Fourteenth Amendment, pay for the utilization of land is outstandingly left quiet. Notwithstanding that, the enduring inheritance of Barron v. Baltimore is that in spite of an underlying holding of the inapplicability of Federal guidelines on state or neighborhood elements, it lead to the laying of preparation for as of now followed points of reference that the states are presently held to comparable gauges as the Federal government, because of the entry of the Fourteenth Amendment. References Barron v. Baltimore. 32 U. S. 243 (1833). Barron v. Baltimore. (2007). American Law Encyclopedia, Vol 1.Retrieved March 30, 2007 from http://law. jrank. organization/pages/4681/Barron-v-Baltimore. html. Barron v. Baltimore. (2007). Wikipedia. Recovered March 30, 2007, from http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Barron_v. _Baltimore. Sound judgment Americanism. (2007). Barron v. City of Baltimore. Recovered March 30, 2007 from http://www. csamerican. com/SC. asp? r=32+U. S. +243. McBride, A. (2006). The Supreme Court The First Hundred Years Landmark Cases Barron v. Baltimore. Recovered March 30, 2007 from http://www. pbs. organization/wnet/supremecourt/prior to the war/landmark_barron. html. U. S. Const. , Amend. V. U. S. Const. , Amend. XIV.

Definition of Order Number 1

Meaning of Order Number 1 In the times of the Russian Revolution of 1917, a request went out to the countrys military which nearly wrecked its capacity to battle, and made a takeover by communist fanatics almost certain. This was Order Number One, and it had just well meaning goals. The February Revolution Russia had encountered strikes and fights commonly before 1917. They had once, in 1905, encountered an endeavored unrest as well. However, in those days the military had remained with the legislature and squashed the radicals; in 1917, as a progression of strikes writhed the political requests and demonstrated how a Tsarist government that was dated, imperious and would prefer to fall flat than change had lost help, the Russian military stood up to champion the insubordination. The officers whose uprising helped transform strikes in Petrograd into Russia’s February Revolution in 1917 at first went onto the lanes, where they drank, hobnobbed and now and again held key guarded focuses. The troopers started to expand the recently showing up boards - the soviets - and permitted the circumstance to turn out to be so awful for the Tsar that he consented to surrender. Another legislature would dominate. The Problem of the Military The Provisional Government, made up of old Duma individuals, needed the soldiers to come back to their military quarters and recover some type of request, on the grounds that having a huge number of outfitted individuals meandering around wild was profoundly stressing to a gathering of dissidents who dreaded a communist takeover. In any case, the soldiers were apprehensive they’d be rebuffed in the event that they continued their old obligations. They needed an assurance of their wellbeing and, questioning the uprightness of the Provisional Government, went to the next significant government power which was currently ostensibly accountable for Russia: the Petrograd Soviet. This body, drove by communist learned people and involved a huge assemblage of officers, was the prevailing force in the city. Russia may have had a Provisional Government, however it really had a double government, and the Petrograd Soviet was the other half. Request Number One Thoughtful to the officers, the Soviet created Order Number 1 to ensure them. This recorded soldier’s requests, gave the conditions for their arrival to garisson huts, and set out another military system: fighters were capable to their own popularity based boards, not named officials; the military was to follow the sets of the Soviet, and just follow the Provisional Government as long as the Soviet concurred; troopers had equivalent rights with residents when off the clock and didn’t even need to salute. These measures were gigantically mainstream with the warriors and were generally taken up. Turmoil Fighters ran to do Order Number One. Some attempted to choose methodology by board of trustees, killed disagreeable officials, and compromised the order. Military order separated and demolished the capacity of colossal numbers in the military to work. This probably won't have been a significant issue were it not for two things: the Russian military was endeavoring to battle World War One, and their warriors owed more faithfulness to the communists, and progressively the extraordinary communists, than the dissidents. The outcome was a military which couldn't be called upon when the Bolsheviks picked up power later in the year.

The Pain of Papers Writers

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The Role Of Federal Government Plays On The Food...

The role the federal government plays in the food regulation and safety is controversial. Some believe that it’s against their constitutional right for the government to step in and have a say on the food they consume. On the other hand, some believe that it’s part of the government’s job to regulate the food industries and provide health regulations to protect the society. The country is divided based on when the government should intervene when it comes to many topics such as the Healthy Hunger Free Kids Act, Nutrition Content Claims, Meat Inspection, and Dietary Supplement Regulation. The Healthy Hunger Free Kids Act became a public law on December 13, 2010 when the Senate and the House of Representatives passed the act (1). However the act has become more popular recently based on Michelle Obama’s involvement trying to get a more nutritious menu in the school cafeteria. The U.S Department of agriculture is the agency with jurisdiction over this act. The legislation grants money to the USDA to oversee the policies of the children nutritional programs such as: the National School Lunch Program and the School Breakfast Program (2). The Healthy Hunger Free Kids Act addresses the issue of lunch prices and the revenue of the foods that are sold in school cafeterias (3). This law states that all school food authorities (SFAs) are now taking action in the National School Lunch program that offers the same financial opportunity to all students, whether the child is not eligibleShow MoreRelatedCase Studies : Health Law1273 Words   |  6 Pagesand federal laws, rul es, regulations and other jurisprudence that hold jurisdiction over the vendors, payers, and providers of the healthcare industry of the country. It also governs the patients and the delivery models of the healthcare services with a special emphasis on the regulatory, operations and transactional legal issues (Floridabar.org, 2016). The rule 6-14.2 definitions of the Florida bar states it as the legal issues that involve local, state or federal laws, rules and regulations forRead MoreRoles of the US Government in the US Economy Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesHow the US Government plays a role in our US Economy Fiscal responsibility is an important part of stability and the government must focus on maintaining the economic stability. As we all know, Government dept can quickly become a burden on the economy and weaken it. Macroeconomic policies change credibility of the government and strengthen political institutions. 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At the federal level, the Food and DrugRead MoreLong Term Investment Decision Of The Low Calorie Foods Essay1328 Words   |  6 Pagesthat managers in the low-calorie, frozen microwaveable food company follow in anticipation of raising prices when selecting pricing strategies for making products response to changes in price less elastic. The low calorie frozen microwaveable food companies are presently operating under a monopolistic market structure. There are many sellers of the same types of frozen foods but are distinguished by packaging and/or ingredients used. The frozen food companies are undergoing the high cost of productionRead MoreRegulatory Agency Paper 4301485 Words   |  6 Pagesfar beyond the emergency room. Health care agencies and governmental agencies mission is to improve the quality, safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of health care for all Americans.  One of the governmental agencies that I will review will be the Department of Health and Human Services. 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Health Care Delivery System846 Words   |  4 PagesS. health care delivery system is very complex because it is not a universal health system governed solely by the federal government. Only Americans with health care insurance coverage receive routine health services. Health insurance can be purchased in the private market or provided by the federal government. The uninsured and poor population acquire health insurance by government funded health care called Medicare and Medicaid. Medicare and Medicaid is the largest payer of health care services

The Issue Of Child Welfare Essay - 1735 Words

Child welfare is an issue that is vastly debated today in the United States. Regardless of party lines, socioeconomics, gender, religion, or race, it seems like everyone has a stake in shaping this issue. As such, progression in policy can be difficult and is often controversial. Throughout the 1900s, the United States Supreme Court heard and decided several cases that set forth precedent, giving more power to, and enabling, parents to raise their children as they see fit. As constituents, parents have a substantial say in what policy should and will be enacted. However, as individuals, parents do not have nearly as much power alone as they do in groups to influence public policy. Therefore, by banning together and creating interest groups, as well as participating in political parties, individuals who have an interest in child welfare, are more likely to make a substantial difference. For the most part, parents have the best interest of their children at heart. However, there are unfortunately many cases throughout the United States where parents are unable to, for one reason or another, take care of their children. Sometimes, this can be seen as a health issue of the parents. Sometimes, parents are unable to raise their children well due to physical, financial, and/or emotional issues. Other times, parents do not have the best interests of their children in mind and can be neglectful or abusive to them. In these circumstances, the state may become involved and step intoShow MoreRelatedThe Issue of Child Welfare999 Words   |  4 PagesThe issue of child welfare is typified in the society mainly because of freedom of choice to be given to the children. There are certain social problems which are discussed frequently in this context. The major problems include the rights of child and access to privileges. 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Income support policies are categorized into two that is direct cash transfers and indirect cash transfers. Income support programs are aimed at reducing poverty levels and boosting the economic growth of United States. Major historical developments took place in the late 1950s. In 1958, social security

Security Privacy Challenges Cloud Computing â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: What Are The Security Concerns In Cloud Computing Technology? What Are The Privacy Concerns In Cloud Computing Technology? What Is The Risks Mitigation Plans Associated With The Cloud Computing Technology? Answers: Introduction: The digital innovation in the information technology is equipped with security risks and challenges. The data services associated with the business operation can be efficiently performed with the use of cloud computing environment. The cloud computing paradigm is adopted by every small and large organization for enhancing their business operations. The capabilities of the existing system can be completely changed with the implementation of cloud computing platform. The cloud computing platforms are of three types which are classified as platform as a service, software as a service, and an infrastructure as a service. The cloud computing is an effective technique for managing resources among the participating units to resolve the issues of conflicts. This new technology is equipped with some security challenges which should be taken under consideration to resolve the security challenges which results in the effective working of the enterprise. The computer programs, data, and informat ion can be outsourced with the use of this newer technology (Rosado, 2013). The complexity of the business operations can be resolved with the implementation of cloud platform for easy availability of resources on demand. The adaptable programs of the cloud computing helps the user to customise with the data and information of their own choice (Liu, 2009). Discussion: The discussion forum is on the topic named as security and privacy issues in cloud computing. In this paper, we are going to highlights the security and privacy issues which are incorporated with the implementation of cloud computing technology. The privacy of the data is the crucial concern for the enterprise. The privacy legislation laws should be followed for storing the confidential information of the user on the cloud. The data leakages take place during the sending and retrieving data on request of the user. The confidentiality of the information can be lost during data transfer. It is recommended that the legislation policies should be used for uploading the information of the user of the cloud computing platform. The security procedures should be used for securing the personal and confidential information of the user. The authentication and authorization procedures should be used for storing the data on the cloud platform for reducing the risks associated with the transaction related with the fetching of the information. Privacy and Security concerns: From the analysis and research paradigm, it has been identified that the cloud computing technology is equipped with two concern areas which are classified as control over data transfer and dependency on the providers of cloud computing (Mathew, 2015). The following table shows the list of issues occurs due to the data loss in cloud computing technology: Issues Description Loss of data control It is the most ridiculous problem of cloud computing technology. The data is get out of control from the hands of the user. It is not the secure method to store data on the system of the cloud computing service providers (Hamlen, 2010). The transparency between users and the processed data is not accurate. The processing of the data cannot be controlled by the users. Operations of data mining The techniques of data mining can be efficiently performed by the cloud computing service providers. The confidentiality of the data can be damaged due to the processing and storage of sensitive data. The inclusion of social media platform can affect the privacy of the data(Sun, 2014 ). Use of mobile devices The data available on the cloud can be fetched with the help of mobile devices which can harm the sensitivity of the information (Monikandan, 2012). The data can be easily transferred between the mobile devices which can be the reason of hacking. Remote access of cloud data The remote accessing of the data available on the network can result into eavesdropping of the data. The other issues which are associate with the remote accessing of the data are denial of service attack, DNS spoofing, and others. Paradigm shift The shifting of the cloud computing paradigm result into traditional risks associated with the data transfer. The data can be divided into users, internet service provider, and cloud service provider. The legislative compliance of the data will create the security concern for the availability of the data. The dispersion of cloud data centre will results into inadequacy in the data management techniques External auditing of the cloud service providers The technical control for data management on the cloud service provider through the inclusion external auditing will create a problematic situation for cloud management of data Data deletion procedures It is difficult to delete all the copies of the data available on the cloud computing infrastructure. Data deletion is the mandatory process in the cloud computing environment. Legislation process used for data protection and privacy The global services provided for managing the protection of data and privacy associated with the legislation. Reliability and security issues The telecommunication network on the cloud computing environment raises the reliability and security issues associated with the data The following table are the issues related with the cloud computing service providers: The availability of the data on demand is the major issues with the cloud computing service providers. The continuity of the business depends on the availability of the data on time No formal contract between cloud service providers and the associated customers which raises the concern of hacking. Traditional risks associated with the telecommunication services Technical issues associated with the cloud computing service providers. Mitigation action plan The security risks associated with the cloud platform can be reduced by focusing on the following areas: Segregation of the data: The segregation issues exist in the sharing of the data. The authentication and authorization policies should be used for preventing the leakages of data to the third party. After the confirmation of the authorization, data should be provided to the requesting parties. Analysis of the data location: The legal issues can be associated with the data stored on different locations. The server location should be checked for transferring of data because the privacy laws should be followed if the data is getting transferred to the other countries. The data should be prohibited from sending it to the different locations. Procedures and security standards: The encryption and cryptography procedures should be used for identifying the data and sending it securely over the network. Access control policies: The access control policies should be used for accessing the required information from the cloud. It helps in minimizing the risks associated with the un-authenticated access of data Auditing procedures: The contract should be signed for auditing the security procedures of the enterprise. It helps in minimizing the risks associated with the un-ethical auditing of the security procedures (Sen, 2015). Notification sends to security vulnerabilities: The immediate notices should be sending to the organization on the occurrence of vulnerabilities in the enterprise. Application of the cloud computing technologies: Devices used for cloud accessing Management browser relationship with thin clients Broadband accessing with the high speed data Data storage on server platform Virtualization Management of application program interface Vague Areas: Application programming interface is used for managing cloud environment for increasing the capabilities of the communication medium. The open communication infrastructure of the cloud computing environment is equipped with risks and security concern. The development of the new opportunities is comprised of many risks. Challenges and problem area The privacy concern has the negative and the positive impact on the working of the cloud computing operations. The privacy obligations should be associated with the sending of the private information of the user (Padhy, 2011). The information available on the cloud should be implemented with the use of privacy compliance program. The security procedures should be developed for insourcing and outsourcing of the data. The contract with the cloud service providers should be reviewed and periodically updated. The public key infrastructure mechanism should be used for securing the information on the cloud platform. The individual consents should be used for retrieving the personal information (Hussain, 2015). Recommendations: The contract should be signed between the user and the cloud computing service providers which provides transparency in managing risks and legal compliance issues with data management schemes (Wayne, 2013). The complaints of the customers should be handled by the cloud service providers at glance. The adequate facility of communication helps in minimizing the risks associated with the data management schemes such as spoofing attack, denial of service attack, and eavesdropping (Abbas, 2010). The obligations should be ensured with the confidentiality and accuracy of data. The data should be deleted from the cloud platform to minimize the risks of potential attacks. The backup data should be managed on the customer end to overcome the problem of failure. The secured telecommunication services should be used to overcome the problem of denial of service attacks. The proactive action plan should be prepared by the professionals to overcome the problem of new risks. The auditing procedures should be used for providing adequate and accurate information to the users. Conclusion: The cloud computing paradigm is adopted by every small and large organization for enhancing their business operations. The capabilities of the existing system can be completely changed with the implementation of cloud computing platform. The confidentiality of the data can be damaged due to the processing and storage of sensitive data. The inclusion of social media platform can affect the privacy of the data. The encryption technique and policies of authorisation and authentication should be used for securing the privacy of the data available on the cloud. References: Abbas, H. (2010).Security and privacy issues in cloud computing. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12243-017-0578-3 Hamlen, K. (2010).Security issues for cloud computing. Retrieved from https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.376.3145rep=rep1type=pdf Hussain, I. (2015).Security issues in cloud computing-A review. Retrieved from https://www.ijana.in/papers/V6I2-6.pdf Liu, Y. (2009).A survey of security and privacy challenges in cloud computing. Retrieved from https://jcse.kiise.org/files/V9N3-01.pdf Mathew, A. (2015).Survey paper on security and privacy issues in cloud storage system. Retrieved from https://blogs.ubc.ca/computersecurity/files/2012/04/AMathew_EECE572B_Survey_23062102.pdf Monikandan, S. (2012).Privacy in cloud computing. Retrieved from https://airccj.org/CSCP/vol2/csit2331.pdf Padhy, R. (2011).Cloud computing: Security issues and research challenges. Retrieved from https://www.ijcsits.org/papers/Vol1no22011/13vol1no2.pdf Rosado, D. (2013).An analysis of security issues for cloud computing. Retrieved from https://mdatechsys.com/project/Secure%20Computing/An%20analysis%20of%20security%20issues%20for%20cloud%20computing.pdf Sen, J. (2015).Security and privacy issues in cloud computing. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4dc3/70d253020947a8e66b701e12dd0233161229.pdf Sun, Y. (2014).Data security and privacy in cloud computing. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274230804_Data_Security_and_Privacy_in_Cloud_Computing Wayne, A. (2013).Cloud hooks: Security and privacy issues in cloud computing. Retrieved from https://ws680.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=906716

AIDS The Politics Policy of Disease ( SZ Theodoulou ) free essay sample

Critical review of work on role of bias (sexual, racial, classist) in treatment of social attitude toward AIDS. AIDS Introduction AIDS by Theodoulou (1996) is a book about the politics and policy of the disease. The author is a teacher at California State University, Northridge. He states that his purpose in writing the book was to offer key contemporary research on the epidemic from a broad variety of policy and political perspectives and share a common understanding of AIDS as a fundamentally challenging issue that calls for a highly political response (p. vii). Political dimensions covered included ethical considerations, constitutional issues, bureaucracy, and services within a capitalist economy. Policy dimensions dealt with governmental responses. Comparisons were made between the United States and other nations regarding the handling of AIDS.

Project Management A Critical Evaluation

Project Management A Critical Evaluation Introduction Available literature demonstrates that a project schedule is a fundamental constituent of any project management activity, issues of size or scope of the project notwithstanding. Indeed, as noted by Kerzner (2001), a project schedule not only directs the project stakeholders on when each activity should be done, but it reveals what has already been achieved, whether certain activities are late in terms of delivery, and the sequence in which project activities need to be completed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management: A Critical Evaluation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is against this background that the present paper seeks to respond to a few issues related to project scheduling, primarily the identification of activities needed to estimate resources and durations, identification and discussion of some of the milestones that may be contained in a project, and, lastly, the provision o f a summary of how human resources should be assigned to each project activity to guard against lateness or perceived schedule slips. Activities to Estimate Resources and Durations in Project Management An accurate assessment or estimation of the resources and durations needed to complete particular tasks should be an issue of imperative concern for project managers and other stakeholders in the team. Kerzner (2001) notes that while it is true that duration estimation analyzes the time that may be taken to complete either the entire project or subsections within the entire project, activity duration, on its part, is to a large extent dependent on other time and resource approximations. In this perspective, the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) can be proposed as an activity that can assist the project team to estimate the resources and durations needed. This activity not only defines a project in the context of its deliverables, but provides a framework for breaking down the stated del iverables into consequential units of work (Kerzner, 2001). The author further notes that with this breakdown, team leaders are able to ascertain a proper work hierarchy that operationalizes resource and duration estimations. The second activity that could be proposed entails undertaking a critical path review using the Critical Path Method (CPM) with a view to estimating the overall project duration. It is of significance to note that the CPM has the capacity to calculate the total project duration while basing its estimates on individual task durations and their interrelationships. It therefore follows that the series of project tasks determining the minimum time required for the project should be included as the critical path (Kerzner, 2001).Advertising Looking for essay on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The third activity that could be proposed involves undertaking a performance evaluation re view using an effective project management tool, such as the Performance Evaluation Review Technique (PERT). According to Schwalbe (2010), this activity employs a pictorial description of project tasks as a system of dependencies with a view to assess or investigate the most likely time and resource estimates. Forth, the project leader in conjunction with other members can initiate a Resource Breakdown Structure (RBS), which is basically â€Å"†¦a hierarchical structure that identifies the project resources by category and typeâ€Å"(Schwalbe, 2010, p. 222). The information gathered by this structure is fundamentally important in not only determining the costs of resources, but also on how to go about acquiring the resources. Lastly, a Three-Point Estimate (TPE) can be used to estimate activity durations. This activity, according to Schwalbe (2010), revolves around designing â€Å"†¦an optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic estimate [whereby] the optimistic estimate i s based on a best-case scenario, while the pessimistic estimate is based on a worst case scenario† (p. 223). Milestones for the Project Milestones are simply goals or objectives that assist project leaders to keep track of the overall progress for any project, with each milestone indicating a forward movement (Higginbotham, 2008). In essence, milestones not only assist in building continued momentum for the team members, but they show progress to members of staff as well as to other leaders. The SMART (specific; measurable; attainable; relevant; time-bound) criteria can be used to describe project milestones in the context of the outlined case study (Schwalbe, 2010). Under the ‘specific’ term, we can identify and describe the first two project milestones, which may include: A fully functional remote deposit capture must be in place within the next five months to allow a month’s time for any necessary adjustments, and The remote deposit capture must be able to fulfill the core objectives of increasing customer satisfaction and curtailing customer loss. Under the ‘measurable’ term, we can identify and describe the third and forth milestones, namely: The remote deposit capture, upon its commissioning, must be able to improve customer satisfaction levels by up to 25 percent, and The bank must be able to register an increase of about 20 percent in its customer base upon the commissioning of the new project. Moving on, under the ‘attainable’ term of the SMART criteria, we can identify and describe the fifth and sixth milestones, namely:Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management: A Critical Evaluation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The staff members need to undergo training to improve their abilities and skills towards the operationalization of the new project, and The need to make heavy investments in information technology (IT) to en sure the goals of increasing customer satisfaction and avoiding the loss of current customers are met after takeoff. Under the ‘relevancy’ term, we can identify and describe the seventh and eighth milestones as follows: Conduct a baseline survey in the fourth month of project implementation to evaluate how other banks are coping with the issues of customer satisfaction, and To conduct a baseline survey to investigate the relevancy of remote deposit capture against the industry’s best practices. Lastly, under the ‘time-bound’ term of the SMART criteria, we can identify and describe the project milestones as follows: We must have the necessary IT infrastructure in place by the lapse of 90 days (three months), and We must be able to test the new IT infrastructure using selected bank customers by the lapse of 150 days (five months) to provide room for any improvement or adjustment. Assigning Personnel to Project Activities It is indeed true that an IT -related project such as the implementation of a remote deposit capture for a banking institution certainly requires personnel from a wide variety of fields, such as software developers, network administrators, java programmers, risk assessors, junior support staff, internet security personnel, subcontractors, and senior personnel such as the chief information officer (CIO), among others. The way that all these personnel are assigned their duties is critical to the success of any IT-related project (Schwalbe, 2010). According to Lock (2007), personnel should be assigned to project activities based on their availability, level of skill and training, and an open mind to learn more. The table next page demonstrates how the tasks will be delegated among the personnel involved Personnel activity M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 Software developers Developing network receivable software Network administrators Networking between main office and branches Java programmers programming Risk assessors Assessing risk in depositing money online Junior support staff Support roles Security personnel Internet security subcontractors Provision of hardware CIO oversight N.B: M1-M6 = the first month through the sixth month (project period) It is indeed true that some projects may fall behind schedule owing to a multiplicity of factors, such as lack of finances, lack of materials, lack of the required personnel, and occurrence of natural catastrophes, among others (Lock, 2007). When such eventualities occur, the project manager or leader may renegotiate the scope/ schedule of the project with the project sponsor, along with other members, to evaluate if it is indeed viable to either reduce the scope activities of the original project or possibly increase the schedule duration to ensure that project scope activities are satisfactorily met (Schwalbe, 2010). Second, the project leader, in collaboration with the project sponsor and other team members, may engage in resource re-allocation to make sure that extra resources are availed to project areas that might have fallen behind schedule. Third, the project members might engage in multitasking, which basically entails working on multiple project activities for a specific amount of time to permit for more than one activity to be completed (Lock, 2007). Other strategies that may be used include increasing dedicated time, project schedule compression, and fast-tracking of activities (Schwalbe, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion The above analysis demonstrates the complexities involved in project management, particularly in making estimations for resources and time durations. The analysis has also touched on project milestones and how such milestones need to be generated to ensure successful implementation of projects. All in all, the underlying task is for the project manager to lead the team using industry-specific best practices in project management to ensure successful implementation (Lock, 2007). Reference List Higginbotham, J. (2008). Project planning: Identify milestones, assumptions, and tasks. Retrieved from volunteercentered.com/2008/03/31/project-planning-identify-milestones-assumptions-and-tasks/ Kerzner, H. (2001). Project management: A systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling, 7th Ed. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Lock, D. (2007). Project management, 9th Ed. Hampshire: Gower Publishing Ltd. Schwalbe, K. (2010). Information technology project management. Boston, M A: Cengage Learning.

Managing International Business Enterprises Essay

Managing International Business Enterprises - Essay Example According to Wooten (2011) marketing managers need to effectively communicate the unique linguistic preferences up front to the translation companies so that the translation does not dilute the brand. The important thing in translation is to retain the original key brand message and tone as closely as is possible. The article proposes that companies need to work with professional linguistic translators whose native language is the target language. This article’s key message is concise and well-illustrated. Maintaining a brand’s image and meaning once a company decides to go global is both a product management and promotional strategy issue. Central to this move into the international market is the role of marketing managers. Marketing managers need to closely work with language service providers so as to effectively convey their brand messages. This will also call for flexibility and foresight since the translated names should also cater for brand growth. An example o f this is Coca-Cola’s translation â€Å"K’o K’ou K’o Le† was coined several decades ago yet its literal meaning â€Å"happiness in the mouth† is very much applicable to its present day â€Å"Open Happiness† campaign.

Ikea Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Ikea - Case Study Example For this reason, IKEA focuses on the market segment where these customers are identified. This creates a remarkable point for IKEA to continously formulate promotional communication that would entice the benefits that these target customers desire. The firm’s targeting strategy is therefore concentrated. Concentrated targeting strategy allows marketer to facilitate promotional message and direct it to a single and specific market segment (Pride and Ferrell 181). This makes IKEA dynamic in its attempt to create competitive advantage in its industry. To reach this competitive advantage, IKEA uses psychographic variables for segmenting consumer market. Psychographic variables pertain to lifestyle, attitudes and personalities (Reid and Bojanic 136). It is clear based on the case that the firm uses the idea it has about the consumers’ attitudes, lifestyle and personality when it implements its targeting strategy. Furthermore, to enhance this strategy, the firm also incorporates the behavioral and benefits variables. Behavioral variables include the actual behaviors of the customers which could become the basis of what service to offer them (Reid and Bojanic 137). This leads to its emancipation of additional service thru its cavernous stores for hungry customers. In addition, IKEA clearly tries to win its target customers by offering them the benefits of their products. Benefits are very important because they could help the firm in its identification of appropriate information to use to its target market (Reid and Bojanic 13 9). As a result of the above marketing strategies, IKEA today has become the leading home furnishings brand in the world with 330 stores in 40 countries and having dynamic actual and online interactions to its customers with around 154,000 co-workers (IKEA). It has aggressively expanded from its humble

The Institute of Medicine Report Essay Example for Free

The Institute of Medicine Report Essay The impact of the Institute of Medicine report on nursing education suggests the nursing profession should have a more advanced education system providing limitless opportunities for growth. The future of nursing providing care to the entire realm of health care, especially primary care and community settings, will be determined by the evolution of a new educational system. The IOM report states that sixty percent of hospital employed nurses will be impacted by the Affordable Care Act because of the transition of patients to primary and community health care. (National Research Council, 2011) Tension in the current educational system has been steadily increasing due to the newly required nursing skills in many specialty areas. That being said, the new educational structure will have to be expanded immensely. The IOM report suggests increasing the number of baccalaureate nurses from fifty to eighty percent by the year 2020. (National Research Council, 2011, p. 12) The report also suggests doubling the current number of nurses with a doctorate degree. Reaching these goals along with overcoming many other educational obstacles will require many changes and modifications to the current system. Increasing the use of technology to educate nurses through on-line programs is one necessary effective strategy. This will create continuous opportunities for nurses from all ethnic groups with associate degrees to obtain their baccalaureate and master’s degrees. Leaders of organizations, hospitals, accreditors, philanthropist, employers, etc. should work cohesively to secure funding for these educational programs. Generating more diversity in nursing will help meet the demands of the projected increase of ethnic groups receiving health care due to the ACA. Intra-professional diversity has been suggested by the IOM report too. (National Research Council, 2011) It is recommended that nurses, physicians and other health care disciplines should be educated together as students and their professions. The IOM report suggests utilizing a nurse empowering trend by hospitals around the country. This trend consists of health care organizations encouraging their nurses with associate degrees to enter into baccalaureate nursing programs within a few years of graduation or hire. (National Research Council, 2011) Impact of the IOM Report on Primary Care Nursing Practice The impact of the IOM report on primary care nursing practice suggests a direct link to the conversion of the education system. With specialty care expecting to diminish, primary care is foreseen to generate large numbers of health care consumers in the near future. People across the country will have increased access to primary care. Therefore, it is speculated that primary care nursing practice will require more opportunities and faster transitions for the advancement of nurses to obtain BSN, master’s and doctorate degrees. Advanced practice registered nurses should have a huge role in the success of primary care. Since there are few APRNs practicing in primary care settings then there will be plenty of opportunity for this group to grow. If these ideas do not evolve as projected then nursing shortages for primary care providers could impede nursing care. The IOM report states that continuous updates to nursing practice and education should be created by collecting and analyzing data from each role and scope of practice. (National Research Council, 2011) The collected data will also be used for future predictions of health care professional requirements in each setting. My Practice Changes in Regard to the IOM’s Report My practice changes in regard to the IOM report in many ways. It is not rare that my unit admits children who are over or under dosed on their medication or are prescribed medicines that are ineffective or not recommended for their diagnosis. I could change my practice to meet the goals of the IOM report by providing families and patients information about their mental health diagnosis, signs and symptoms of an exacerbation of their disorder, contact information to our facility and collect their contact information for a discharge phone call. More so, I can provide them with contact information for trained and skilled mental health professionals in their area and have appointments scheduled within a week or two of discharge. I would ask if the information discussed in the discharge meeting is realistic for them and meets their expectations. Another way I can change my practice to meet the goals of the IOM report is by continuing to chair and co-chair evidence based practice projects pertaining to technology. Technology is mentioned in several case studies in the IOM report and I agree that we should continue to find methods to use it being fiscally responsible. Recommendations for the Nurse Leader Recommendations for the nurse leader according to the IOM report are for nurses and physicians to start working as complete equals while providing healthcare. Nursing must contribute more to leadership roles and continue their education in these roles to help provide increased quality care to patients. Nurses must become more fluent in policy reform by becoming more involved as members of committees, councils and legislation. There should be a greater emphasis and expanded education on nursing leadership in educational programs and employer based competencies. Employers should begin or continue incentives for professional development as the IOM report suggests more nurse leaders are required for reform. (National Research Council, 2011) References National Research Council. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2011. Retrieved from http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2010/The-Future-of-Nursing-Leading-Change-Advancing-Health.aspx

A Feminist Alternative to Fetterleys Criticism of A Farewell to Arms :: Farewell Arms Essays

A Feminist Alternative to Fetterley's Criticism of A Farewell to Arms      Ã‚  Ã‚   After finishing A Farewell to Arms, I found it difficult to reconcile Judith Fetterley's feminist attack of the novel with my own personal opinions. I agree that Hemingway does kick women to the curb in his portrayal of Catherine, but my reasons for pinning this crime on Hemingway are different from hers'. Although she means well, Fetterley makes the ridiculous claim that by portraying Catherine as an angelic, selflessly loving "woman to end all women," Hemingway disguises misogynistic attitudes and a deep-seeded hatred towards the XX chromosome. This claim is not supported by the text. If we look at Hemingway through the lens of his own words, we find that his misogyny does not spring from a "too good to be true" portrait of Catherine, but rather in his tendency to cast her down into the dirt-Catherine is a dependent, baby-manufacturing trap that stifles Lieutenant Henry: "Poor, poor dear Cat. And this was the price you paid for sleeping together. This was the end of th e trap" (320). It is his penchant for sex and his need for womanly comfort that keeps Henry coming back to Catherine, not some notion of "love" or true connection. This is Hemingway's misogyny, however unintentional, unmasked.    But to get a true sense of this "anti-Fetterley" feminist view of the novel, it is important too look at the specifics of Hemingway's construction of Catherine-facts that stand in direct opposition to Fetterley's stated attacks.    First of all, Catherine is not Fetterley's unique and unattainable goddess-she is an object in Henry's universe, a feast of sensations but nothing more. She is akin to good food and good drink: "'I was made to eat. My God, yes. Eat and drink and sleep with Catherine'" (233). Indeed, Henry's thoughts about Catherine, both when he is at the front or by her side, mingle with longings for good wine and reflections on sumptuous meals. In Henry's world, a good Capri would be nice, a nice hunk of cheese would be grand, and sleeping with Catherine would be sublime. These things all equate to the satisfaction of basic human needs. Every now and then, Henry feels a grumbling in his loins-a periodic hunger for the "cheese" between Catherine's legs. Hemingway dissolves Catherine into the least common denominator-the object, devoid of meaning or real importance (when Henry isn't hungry).

Prospects for the Future of Liberal Democracy in Libya

Following the death of the infamous former Libyan leader Colonel Muammar Qaddafi former Libyan leader, a lot of debates and concerns have been raised worldwide about the future of the nation. A range of issues from social, economic, religious and political are being raised and the big question seems to be, what next? After years of authoritarian rule and with the ‘enemy’ finally out of the picture, the Libyan government faces different prospects for its development and in this essay I will be looking at different possibilities for the nation in relation to the promotion of liberal democracy.Currently under a transitional government, Libya stands the chance to embrace change and adopt what may be considered by some as positive western ideals. According to a Freedom house report â€Å"another country that endured decades of brutal misrule, Libya, now has the potential for significant gains thanks to the overthrow of al-Qadhafi. † (Puddington, 2012) Democracy has at no other time in history been knocking at the doors of many political regimes and with voices calling not only from foreigners but also from indigenous citizens it would be very hard to ignore the relevance that democracy plays in our modern day society.Over the past year especially, the world has witnessed many political resistance campaigns; what is now popularly referred to as the Arab Spring has flooded the news very often and one common outcry from these people is the need for change. One might wonder what fuelled this uprising from the people to demand new leadership, in my educate d opinion, decades of authoritarian rule, human rights abuses, oppression on opposition and the inability of people to speak freely amongst others have all led to this desire for change. Before delving into the prospects for democracy in Libya, I feel it will be essential to underline what democracy entails.Robert Dahl in his book ‘On democracy’ lists various desirable features of a dem ocratic society as follows: †¢Control of military and police by elected officials. †¢Democratic beliefs and political culture †¢No strong foreign control hostile to democracy †¢A modern market economy and society †¢Weak subcultural pluralism (Dahl, 2005) Based on this it is fair to say that liberal democracy demands the inclusion of people, it believes in equality and fairness and encourages the notion of two (or many) heads being better than one.However it is also true that democracy is not the only route for stability, in reality â€Å"the highest risk of political crisis lies in the middle ground between authoritarianism and democracy† (Goldstone, 2005) I believe a democratic and representative government can be attainable in Libya despite being broken into various sects for close to fifty years. Both pro and anti Qaddafi forces can push Libya forward but as to whether this will mature fully into a liberal democracy is tricky. The prospects for Lib ya would look bleak especially when considered from the perspective of historical precedents.In the Libyan case, several factors cement this view. To begin with, Libya is a society filled with many different tribes. From what might be considered extreme Islamists, to the more moderate ones, to the presence of Christians and then other religious and secular divisions the presence of diversity in terms of culture or beliefs could either hinder or promote liberal democracy. In other parts of the continent, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, this situation has been witnessed before but â€Å"among the most important lessons to emerge is the importance of avoiding factionalism. (Goldstone, 2005) Take Rwanda for example, where Hutu’s and Tutsi rebels have shed blood over conflicting tribalistic views. In places where there is a vast difference in opinions, quite often people tend to disagree rather than agree and in order for democracy to prevail it is mandatory that people learn to compromise and agree for the better of the people. In the eastern part of the nation, we can find the current ruling rebels and in the West where Sirte is located there is a stronger presence of pro Qaddafi forces or loyalists. In order for democracy to take place it will take a combined effort from the North to South and East to West.A scholar who has engaged in different studies of transitional governments, Professor Michael Greig made several observations on the Libyan scenario, he bases his conclusions from his studies on transitions over the last 170 years of history and notes that the more diverse a society is, the less stable new regimes tend to be. (Coleman, 2011)With the murder of the former leader, the fear for this transition to be peaceful of fairly smooth is that loyalists might try to hold reprisal attacks, there could be various terror attacks even on innocent victims and militants, leaders, or officials under the former regime might strongly esist cooperating with t he new government and this will undermine attempts to achieve a sound and stable democratic environment. Should this occur, it could lead to an indefinite civil war and the country which already seems to be broken down into various fragments could end up losing more lives, it could also deter foreign investment and trade and regardless of the large oil reserve the country has, it could still have serious economic implications such as higher inflation rates.On the political front also, as to how confident citizens are in the government and how effect institutions being put in place will benefit the nation, only time will tell. Indeed Libyans have been shown a glimmer of hope since the death of their former leader however can they be guaranteed that another Qaddafi will not surface? â€Å"And while Libya has benefited greatly from the demise of the Qadhafi dictatorship, the country confronts an array of daunting political and security challenges, and has yet to hold its first electio ns†. Puddington, 2012)The Libyan people understandably seem to have trust issues in their new government and with this lack of trust, the people might not be too welcoming to the new rules or laws that might be put in place. Should they not have faith in the new government for too long they could be a coup d’Etat or some other form of uprising. Unrest could take place and this could just mean that democracy will fail yet again. Furthermore, there are serious doubts about how women, former members of the Qaddafi government and minorities will fare in the new order.The role of women is essential in achieving a liberal democracy. Women can be instrumental in broadening the parameters of democratic participation. They can challenge and sensitize others about the preconceived notions of what Islam can entail in a liberal democracy. For example, in Turkey, women activists achieved this to within the Islamist Refah (Welfare) Party. Libya has no democratic role models in the Ar ab world from whom to seek mentorship.One main factor that the people of Libya have going in their favour is the fact that when they finally decided to come out and rebel against their long term leader they were not influenced by the western nations or the international community as a whole. The effort was undoubtedly from within the very borders of the country and throughout the country there were many cries which eventually fell unto the ears of the international community. The freedom house report confirms this by stating â€Å"America’s firmness in assisting NATO’s Libyan campaign was an important step.After initial hesitation, the administration has also cautiously supported the process of building democratic systems in Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya. † (Puddington 2012) The Libyans did indeed capture and kill Muammar Qaddafi with the help of NATO forces however they initially started the movement and asked for help to take power away from Qaddafi. The significa nce of this is that there are dependency theorists for example who believe that the western world continues to infiltrate third world nations and prevents them from standing on their own but in this particular case that can be debunked.The issue of neocolonialism at least at the time that the uprising in Libya took place was arguably not present or wasn’t the main driving force and this means that the people of Libya do indeed have a voice of their own and will not be coerced into making policies or vital decisions presented to them by countries like the United Kingdom and United States of America. Liberal democracy therefore can eventually be introduced and maintained in a society like this where the people have a voice and do what they believe and agree together is best rather than allowing external forces to impose laws on them.Another positive factor about Libya which should well favour the nation is that due to its large oil reserves and the fact that they are a major ex porter of oil to different parts of the world, they have a more attractive economy as compared to others in the Arab spring. It is common for nations to establish and develop their political and democratic institutions before any significant change is seen in the economy, however the presence of an already good and healthy economy makes it fairly easier for the presence of democracy.The important thing here would be to have competent people in government to take key and important decisions and also to manage the resources of the nation well. When this is done and the citizens see an even better improvement in the economy it will build their confidence in the government and promote more civilian participation (a very important feature for liberal democracy). With higher literacy rates than other African nations (Puddington, 2012) and with the introduction of new laws for the land Libya in the future can definitely be a success story.To reiterate what has been mentioned above in this essay there is a fair possibility of the existence of a liberal democracy in Libya. It is important to note that â€Å"remarkably, after several years of assembling and sifting data , the panel found that economic , ethnic , and regional effect shave only a modest impact on a country’s risk of political instability. Rather, stability is overwhelmingly determined by a country’s patterns of political competition and political authority. (Goldstone, 2005). Although Libya is a country that is divided along tribal lines, it also has a good educated population and a decent economic growth. Research has shown that economic, regional and ethnic effects only have a modest effect on a country’s risk of political instability and â€Å"clearly, what â€Å"works† in establishing a stable democracy is moving toward a political system with completely open and fully competitive parties that maintains strong checks on executive authority. (Goldstone, 2005) Stability is hugely determined by the prevailing patterns of political authority and competition. The key to maintaining stability lies in the following 1. making democratic institutions that promote open and fair competition 2. Avoiding political polarization and factionalism 3. Imposing substantial measures against abuse of executive power Furthermore, wealth and few or no communal tensions help, but a country does not need wealth or a homogenous population to achieve stability.The fact of Libya having a well educated population also aids in its capability for liberal democracy. Educated people tend to hold liberal views and be more tolerant of divergent views. In the case of Libya, there exist factors that are in its favour in terms of achieving a liberal democracy. In addition, its oil reserves and a wealthy treasury are assets that can be used to build democratic institutions and improve capacity building in its current institutions. The enactment of laws that curb excesses by the executive will be huge boost in this direction.Thus, the prospects of democracy in Libya are not so bleak when considering its wealthy treasury and its small and talented population which have proven that they possess a voice to speak out for the promotion of a good agenda in Libya. Unlike poorer countries who may have to seek external funding to support their democratic initiatives, it need not do so. It has the necessary capital to start a wide range of socio-economic programs aimed towards a liberal democracy.For now, the rebel leaders seem to be receiving acceptable levels of support from the populace and this among other factors serve as crucial pointers that the prospects of a liberal democratic Libya are real. To conclude, we deduce from the above highlighted points that democratic development in Libya is faced with numerous challenges, political and economic, internal and external of long year’s authoritarian regimes, coupled with bad governance, fear of mismanagement of accum ulated capital and mass participation, non-conducive investor atmosphere and a shield from the West.At a minimum, the core elements of developing political democracy are: A strong, pluralistic civil society independent of state control and able to hold government accountable; Regular and effective mechanisms to choose and to change representatives, governments, and policies by non-violent means; wide dispersion of economic resources and state commitment to broadly distributed human development; The rule of law incorporating the principles of the supremacy of the law, equality before the law, and the impartial and fair administration of the law; Strong institutions and an international environment which supports, or at least not harmful to, the above element. This is what Africa and other emerging liberal democracies need in achieving political and economic development of this ‘new world order’ regime.

Welfare State - Definition in the Study of Sociology

Definition: A welfare state is a social system in which the government assumes responsibility for the well-being of citizens by making sure that people have access to basic resources such as housing, health care, education, and employment.